Explore the full potential of C++ by mastering the standard library.

Become a C++ Programmer

The C++ standard library is a collection of all the tools and utilities available in C++. It received its latest update in 2017, known as C++17. The update introduces many new features that further optimize our code. This module will help us fully grasp C++ and use it to its full potential.

C++ Standard Library

[std::array](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/array) is a homogeneous container of fixed length. It requires the header `<array>`. An instance of `std::array` combines the memory and runtime characteristic of a C array with the interface of an `std::vector`.In particular, an `std::array` knows its size. We can use STL algorithms on instances of `std::array`.

Keep a few special rules in mind for initializing an `std::array`.

- `std::array<int, 10> arr`: The 10 elements are not initialized.

- `std::array<int, 10> arr{}`: The 10 elements initialized to 0 by default.

- `std::array<int, 10> arr{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}`: The unspecified elements are initialized to 0 by default.

`std::array` supports three types of index access. 

```C++
- arr[n];
- arr.at(n);
- std::get<n>(arr);
```

The most commonly used first type of index access using angle brackets does not check the boundaries of the `arr`. This is in contrast to `arr.at(n)`. We will eventually get an `std::range-error` exception. The last form in the above snippet shows the relationship of `std::array` with the [std::tuple](https://www.educative.io/courses/cpp-fundamentals-for-professionals/std-tuple), because both are containers of fixed length.

Here is a little bit of arithmetic using `std::array`:

The array type is perhaps the most popular sequential container. This lesson will cover its properties in detail.

The Standard Library

Overview

Application of Libraries

Useful Functions

Adaptors for Functions

Pairs and Tuples

Reference Wrappers

Smart Pointers

Type Traits

Time Library

std::any, std::optional, and std::variant

Containers in General

Sequential Containers

Associative Containers in General

Ordered Associative Containers

Unordered Associative Containers

Adaptors for Containers

Iterators

Callable Units

Algorithms

Non-Modifying Algorithms

Modifying Algorithms

More Algorithms

New Algorithms with C++17

Numeric

Strings

String View

Regular Expressions

Input and Output Streams

Conclusion

Arrays