Gain insights into Git version control, delving into commits, branches, and remote collaboration. Learn about resolving conflicts and handling erroneous changes to manage software projects efficiently.

MBE-  Beginning Git Version Control by Thomas Makzan.png

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Git is one of the most widely used version control tools in the software industry. Whether working on frontend or backend, native or server-side applications, every software developer should be comfortable with Git version control.

In this course, you’ll learn how Git is used in software projects and the basics of version control. Moreover, you’ll learn commits, pushing code, branches, and Git Stash. Finally, you’ll learn to use Git for remote collaboration, including reconciling conflicts and correcting erroneous changes with fetch, pull, reversion, and cherry-picking. At each step, you’ll solve quizzes to test your knowledge.

By the end of this course, you’ll have a working knowledge of Git and its use in version control. You’ll be able to proficiently and efficiently manage your future software projects.

Getting Started with Git Version Control

## Variations of the `git diff` command
The `git diff` command is used to see the differences between any two stages. The following is a list of stages that can be compared using `git diff`: 

- We can see the difference between the working environment and the staging area—that is, the difference between unstaged changes and staged changes.

   ``` Shell
   $ git diff
   ``` 
- We can see the difference between the staging area and the last commit.
   ```Shell
   $ git diff --staged
   ```
- We can see the staged changes (added but not committed) with the last commit in the current branch.
 
   ``` Shell
   $ git diff --cached
   ```
   The `--cached` and `--staged` options are the same, more or less.


- TWe can see the difference between the two branches. The two dots between the two branch names show that we want to read the latest commit in each branch and compare them.

   ``` Shell
   $ git diff <branch1>..<branch2>
   ```
- We can see the difference between two commits by comparing files between them. For that purpose, the reference to the commits needs to be specified. A reference may be a commit ID or `HEAD`, which refers to the current branch.


   ``` Shell 
   $ git diff <commit1> <commit2>
   ```


## Example of `git diff` 
Let’s look at a basic example to make things more clear.

We have a file named `file1.txt` to which we’ll make changes and observe the working of `git diff`.

First, we run the following commands in the terminal below:
``` Shell
 $ echo "Hello" >> file1.txt
 $ git add file1.txt
 $ echo "Hello again" >>  file1.txt
 $ git diff
```
These commands show the difference between unstaged and staged changes.

Now, we run the following commands:
``` Shell
 $ git add .
 $ git commit -m "Second commit"
 $ echo "Some more changes" >> file1.txt
 $ git add .
 $ git diff --staged
```
These commands show the difference between the staging area and the last commit.


# Variations of the `git diff` command
The `git diff` command is used to see the differences between any two stages. The following is a list of stages that can be compared using `git diff`: 

- We can see the difference between the working environment and the staging area—that is, the difference between unstaged changes and staged changes.

   ``` Shell
   $ git diff
   ``` 
- We can see the difference between the staging area and the last commit.
   ```Shell
   $ git diff --staged
   ```
- We can see the staged changes (added but not committed) with the last commit in the current branch.
 
   ``` Shell
   $ git diff --cached
   ```
   The `--cached` and `--staged` options are the same, more or less.


- TWe can see the difference between the two branches. The two dots between the two branch names show that we want to read the latest commit in each branch and compare them.

   ``` Shell
   $ git diff <branch1>..<branch2>
   ```
- We can see the difference between two commits by comparing files between them. For that purpose, the reference to the commits needs to be specified. A reference may be a commit ID or `HEAD`, which refers to the current branch.


   ``` Shell 
   $ git diff <commit1> <commit2>
   ```


# Example of `git diff` 
Let’s look at a basic example to make things more clear.

We have a file named `file1.txt` to which we’ll make changes and observe the working of `git diff`.

First, we run the following commands in the terminal below:
``` Shell
 $ echo "Hello" >> file1.txt
 $ git add file1.txt
 $ echo "Hello again" >>  file1.txt
 $ git diff
```
These commands show the difference between unstaged and staged changes.

Now, we run the following commands:
``` Shell
 $ git add .
 $ git commit -m "Second commit"
 $ echo "Some more changes" >> file1.txt
 $ git add .
 $ git diff --staged
```
These commands show the difference between the staging area and the last commit.


Getting Started

Basic Command

Behind the Scenes

Essential Techniques

Flow Control

Remote and Collaboration

Handle Conflicts

Undo Changes

Rebase and Cherry Pick

Conclusion

The git diff Command

Variations of the `git diff` command

The git diff Command

Variations of the git diff command

Variations of the `git diff` command