Vagrant is a handy and easy-to-use Virtual Machine tool that can be used within your command-line interface. In a nutshell, it makes it easy to create and configure lightweight, reproducible developer environments.

In this mini course, you will learn all about virtualization. You will learn how to set up a Vagrant environment, build your own VM, as well as Vagrant commands which you can use from the command line.

In the latter half of the course, you will learn how to work with vagrantfile, networking, and data sharing. In all, this is your crash course for understanding the fundamentals of Vagrant.

A Guide to Vagrant and Virtual Machines

## Basic Vagrant commands

### `vagrant init [name [url]]`
Initializes the Vagrant environment and creates the Vagrantfile.
```
$ vagrant init centos/7
```
`Output`
```output
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
```

### `vagrant up [name|id]`
Creates and configures the Virtual Machine from the Vagrantfile.
```
$ vagrant up 
```
`Output`
```output
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
    default: SSH address: 192.168.121.24:22
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /home/naavi/Vagrant/my-vagrant/ => /vagrant
```

### `vagrant status [name|id]`
Displays running or stopped VMs.
```
$ vagrant status 
```
`Output`
```output
Current machine states:

default                   running (virtualbox)

The VM is running. To stop this VM, you can run `vagrant halt` to
shut it down forcefully, or you can run `vagrant suspend` to simply
suspend the virtual machine. In either case, to restart it again,
simply run `vagrant up`.
```

### `vagrant halt [name|id]`
Attempts a graceful shutdown.
```
$ vagrant halt 
```
`Output`
```output
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
```

### `vagrant destroy [name|id]`
Removes the guest machine.
```
$ vagrant destroy
```
`Output`
```output
default: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'default' VM? [y/N] y
==> default: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> default: Destroying VM and associated drives...
```

### `vagrant ssh [name|id]`
SSH into the guest machine or logs into the guest machine.
```
$ vagrant ssh 
```
`Output`
```output
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-187-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

 * Kubernetes 1.19 is out! Get it in one command with:

     sudo snap install microk8s --channel=1.19 --classic

   https://microk8s.io/ has docs and details.

8 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

New release '18.04.5 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.


Last login: Tue Sep  1 05:42:38 2020 from 10.0.2.2
vagrant@vagrantbox1:~$
```

### `vagrant suspend [name|id]`
Suspends the machine in its current state and does not shutdown.
```
$ vagrant suspend
```
`Output`
```output
==> default: Saving VM state and suspending execution...
```

### `vagrant resume [name|id]`
Starts the guest machine from suspended or halt.
```
$ vagrant resume
```
`Output`
```output
==> default: Resuming suspended VM...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
```

### `vagrant box add ADDRESS`
The `vagrant box add ADDRESS` command downloads the box from the cloud repository and stores it in your local environment. It does not initialize the `Vagrantfile`.
```
$ vagrant box add centos/7 
```

### `vagrant global-status`
This command will show the current state of the Vagrant VM in your system, regardless of the directory.
```
$ vagrant global-status
```
`Output`
```output
id       name    provider   state    directory                           
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5c7d007  default virtualbox poweroff /home/naavi/Downloads/vag           
14d0e56  default virtualbox poweroff /home/naavi/Downloads/vag2          
 
The above shows information about all known Vagrant environments
on this machine. This data is cached and may not be completely
up-to-date (use "vagrant global-status --prune" to prune invalid
entries). To interact with any of the machines, you can go to that
directory and run Vagrant, or you can use the ID directly with
Vagrant commands from any directory. For example:
"vagrant destroy 1a2b3c4d"

```


# Basic Vagrant commands

## `vagrant init [name [url]]`
Initializes the Vagrant environment and creates the Vagrantfile.
```
$ vagrant init centos/7
```
`Output`
```output
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
```

## `vagrant up [name|id]`
Creates and configures the Virtual Machine from the Vagrantfile.
```
$ vagrant up 
```
`Output`
```output
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
    default: SSH address: 192.168.121.24:22
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /home/naavi/Vagrant/my-vagrant/ => /vagrant
```

## `vagrant status [name|id]`
Displays running or stopped VMs.
```
$ vagrant status 
```
`Output`
```output
Current machine states:

default                   running (virtualbox)

The VM is running. To stop this VM, you can run `vagrant halt` to
shut it down forcefully, or you can run `vagrant suspend` to simply
suspend the virtual machine. In either case, to restart it again,
simply run `vagrant up`.
```

## `vagrant halt [name|id]`
Attempts a graceful shutdown.
```
$ vagrant halt 
```
`Output`
```output
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
```

## `vagrant destroy [name|id]`
Removes the guest machine.
```
$ vagrant destroy
```
`Output`
```output
default: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'default' VM? [y/N] y
==> default: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> default: Destroying VM and associated drives...
```

## `vagrant ssh [name|id]`
SSH into the guest machine or logs into the guest machine.
```
$ vagrant ssh 
```
`Output`
```output
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-187-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

 * Kubernetes 1.19 is out! Get it in one command with:

     sudo snap install microk8s --channel=1.19 --classic

   https://microk8s.io/ has docs and details.

8 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

New release '18.04.5 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.


Last login: Tue Sep  1 05:42:38 2020 from 10.0.2.2
vagrant@vagrantbox1:~$
```

## `vagrant suspend [name|id]`
Suspends the machine in its current state and does not shutdown.
```
$ vagrant suspend
```
`Output`
```output
==> default: Saving VM state and suspending execution...
```

## `vagrant resume [name|id]`
Starts the guest machine from suspended or halt.
```
$ vagrant resume
```
`Output`
```output
==> default: Resuming suspended VM...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
```

## `vagrant box add ADDRESS`
The `vagrant box add ADDRESS` command downloads the box from the cloud repository and stores it in your local environment. It does not initialize the `Vagrantfile`.
```
$ vagrant box add centos/7 
```

## `vagrant global-status`
This command will show the current state of the Vagrant VM in your system, regardless of the directory.
```
$ vagrant global-status
```
`Output`
```output
id       name    provider   state    directory                           
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5c7d007  default virtualbox poweroff /home/naavi/Downloads/vag           
14d0e56  default virtualbox poweroff /home/naavi/Downloads/vag2          
 
The above shows information about all known Vagrant environments
on this machine. This data is cached and may not be completely
up-to-date (use "vagrant global-status --prune" to prune invalid
entries). To interact with any of the machines, you can go to that
directory and run Vagrant, or you can use the ID directly with
Vagrant commands from any directory. For example:
"vagrant destroy 1a2b3c4d"

```


Let's explore some common Vagrant commands.

__default

Some Vagrant Commands

Basic Vagrant commands

`vagrant init [name [url]]`

`vagrant up [name|id]`

`vagrant status [name|id]`