Gain insights into building a modern, production-ready PHP app. Delve into CRUD operations, I/O security, routing, and more. Discover how to effectively use PHP and MySQL for database applications.

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Learning a programming language is one thing and using it to build something great is another. I've been teaching code newbies and aspiring developers for a long time and I see many of them struggling to put into practice their newly acquired skills. I've also noticed that many resources on the Internet are out-of-date, misleading, or don't provide real hands-on practice.

I've built this course to fix the issues above. You'll learn a better way to build a modern and production-ready PHP app connected to a database like a pro. The app, a CRUD one, will also have some more advanced features like I/O security, router, and more. 

At the end of this course, you'll be well equipped to build database apps with PHP.

Hands-on PHP & MySQL: Build a CRUD Application

# The LAMP stack in a nutshell

To better understand the LAMP stack, let’s discuss the words that make up this term.

First of all, we must define what a stack is. A **stack** is a collection of software or application programs that work together to make up a fully functional environment.
 
The next word is LAMP. **LAMP** is an acronym for Linux, Apache, MySQL (MariaDB), and PHP (Python). These form the following four layers that are needed to build a website:
* The operating system layer
* The web server layer
* The database layer
* The scripting layer



Let’s study these layers in more detail.

> **Note:** LAMP originates from the GNU/Linux world, but today we have a  LAMP equivalent in almost every system.

## Operating system
The **operating system (OS**) is the backbone of a LAMP stack. It is the foundational layer on top of which the other layers run.

Historically, the GNU/Linux OS was used in this layer because it was free, open source, and offered greater flexibility and more customization possibilities. Today, we have a gnu/Linux equivalent in almost every OS and its name changes according to the OS in question. For instance, we call it WAMP in Windows OS and MAMP in Mac OS.
 

## Web server 
The web server handles users’ requests and provides them with appropriate responses. It uses the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for these responses.

The most commonly used HTTP server is Apache, but we may also find other servers like Nginx and MicrosoftIIS in use.


## Database
The role of the database layer is to store data that can be queried by the users. We can use a variety of database management systems (DBMS), such as MySQL, MariaDB, and PostgreSQL, as well as NoSQL databases like MongoDB.
## Scripting
The programming language is used to generate dynamic pages on users' requests.

The most commonly used scripting language is PHP, but we can also use Perl or Python.



> **Note**: We can build our LAMP stack from scratch by  installing each piece of software that is needed separately, or by using a bundled solution. Some examples of bundled solutions are Wamp Server, Laragon (Windows), Mamp (Mac, Windows), and XAMPP (cross-platform).

Throughout this course, we’ll use the integrated Educative LAMP stack. Let’s write the traditional “Hello, World!” in this stack.

Click the “Run” button below:

Learn about the LAMP stack and the application we’ll build throughout this course.

Introduction

App Initialization

Create and Read Records

Refactor the Application

PHP Data Validation

Generate Reports

Update and Delete Records

PHP Router

Conclusion

Appendix

Introduction to the LAMP Stack

The LAMP stack in a nutshell