Mastering PostgreSQL Databases: From Basics to Advanced/

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Identifying the Bottlenecks

Identifying the Bottlenecks

Learn about the basics of tuning the parameters in a PostgreSQL database to optimize performance.

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Different types of bottlenecks

Identifying bottlenecks in a PostgreSQL database is an important step in improving performance and ensuring efficient and reliable operation. There are several areas where bottlenecks can occur, including disk I/O, CPU utilization, memory usage, and network activity.

Disk I/O

Disk I/O is a common bottleneck in PostgreSQL databases. If disk I/O is slow, it can take a long time for the database to read and write data, leading to slow query performance and increased latency. We can use the pg_statio_user_tables view to monitor disk I/O activity and identify any tables or indexes that may be causing performance issues.

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When we execute the query below, it will return a list of user tables in the current database along with the corresponding number of disk blocks read from each table. Here, we first fetch all the rows of the Orders table with 100,000 records using the SELECT query.

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-- Set pg_stat_statements.track to 'all'
SET pg_stat_statements.track = 'all';
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_stat_statements;
SELECT relname AS table, heap_blks_read
FROM pg_statio_user_tables;

The SET pg_stat_statements.track = 'all'; statement sets the pg_stat_statements.track parameter to all, which ensures that the ...