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Quick Recap

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An assignment to a global variable in a local scope creates a new variable in the local scope. To actually modify the variable outside the local scope, you’ll have to use either the global or the nonlocal keyword.
Multiplication of lists containing mutable items creates multiple references to the same mutable object under the hood.
The del x keyword’s behavior is to decrease the reference count of x, and the dunder method __del__ is only invoked by Python when the object’s reference count reaches zero.