How does ChatGPT work?

A generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) generates responses based on pre-trained data and transforms input data into output data. ChatGPT is an intelligent chatbot that makes use of natural language processing (NLP). It can interpret the context and meaning of queries based on the data it has been trained on to produce relevant responses. The responses generated by ChatGPT are grammatically correct and are in natural language (in conversational format).

We'll discuss how ChatGPT processes such information and what goes on behind the curtains.

How ChatGPT works

ChatGPT uses neural networking, which utilizes unsupervised learning to process input text data to learn patterns and relationships between words and phrases. In addition to that, it also uses two key components of machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, to improve its responses over time based on users' feedback.

Training procedure

ChatGPT is pre-trained on massive data retrieved from books, web pages, and articles. This training was targeted to predict the next sequence of words based on the input and is recognized as language modeling. The pre-training process is divided into the following three steps:

• Pre-training: The model is pre-trained using unsupervised learning to predict the next words based on the input.

• Fine-tuning: The model is fine-tuned to predict any missing words or patterns using supervised learning after pre-training.

• Task-specific tuning: Once the model is fine-tuned, it is tuned to perform specific tasks, such as answering questions, writing codes, etc.

Fundamentally, it forecasts which words, phrases, and sentences are most likely connected to the information given. Afterward, it selects the words and phrases most likely associated with the input. It uses the transformer model to transform input to output.

Transformer model

The transformer model is a neural network model designed to process sequential data, such as text, to transform input to an appropriate output. It was introduced by Google's researchers in a paper, Attention is All You NeedVaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. "Attention is all you need." Advances in neural information processing systems 30 (2017)..

The transformer model consists of an encoder that generates a hidden sequence based on the input to be processed by the neural network layer. The output from the neural network layer is fed to a decoder that generates a response.

The transformer model uses a self-attention mechanism that focuses on different input parts at different times during the processing. This self-attention mechanism enables the model to understand the input context and generate more accurate output accordingly. Finally, the transformer model uses the beam searchBeam search is a decoding algorithm that helps in selecting the most probable next word in the sequence at each step. or softmax algorithm to generate multiple sequences of output and select one with the highest probability.

To conclude, ChatGPT is a powerful chatbot or language model that combines the techniques of deep learning, machine learning, neural networks, and NLP to generate accurate and conversational output for any query.