Python 3 cheat sheet

# The primitive data types are integer, float, boolean and string
# assigning values to primitives
int_var = 2
print("integer:", int_var)
float_var = 1.9
print("float:", float_var)
bool_var = True
print("boolean:", bool_var)
string_var = 'Hello world'
print("string:", string_var)
# icrementing a variable's value
int_var += 1 
print("integer:", int_var)
# x, y and z all get the value 0.1
x = y = z = 0.1
print("x:", x, "y:", y, "z:", z)
# u gets the value 100 and v gets the value 12
u, v = 100, 12
print("u:", v, "v:", v)

country = 'South Korea'
if country == 'South Korea':
  print('Anneyong')
elif country == 'France':
  print('Bonjour')
else:
  print('Hello')

# printing the 0, 1
print("Example 1:")
for i in range(2):
  print(i)
# printing numbers from 0 to 2 in the reverse order
print("Example 2:")
i = 2
while i >= 0:
  print(i)
  i -= 1
# printing all the characters in a string until a
# space is encountered is encountered
print("Example 3:")
s = 'Hey World'
for character in s:
  if character == ' ':
    # The break keyword is used to exit the loop.
    break
  else:
    print(character)
    
# printing all the characters in a string except for any space.
print("Example 4:")
s = 'Tic Tac'
for character in s:
  if character == ' ':
    # The continue keyword is used to ignore the subsequent 
    # lines of code in the loop for this iteration and start the 
    # next iteration.
    continue
  print(character)

# a function may or may not return anything
def multiply(num1, num2):
  return num1 * num2
print(multiply(3, 4))
# a function can accept variable number of arguments as well
def multipleargs(*args):
  print(args)
multipleargs('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')

class Fruit:
    #__init__() is always executed when the class is being initiated
    def __init__(self, name, weight):
        self.name = name
        self.weight = weight
    # a method of the class
    def print_fruit(self):
        print("Name:", self.name, "Weight(g):", self.weight)
        
# Creating an object
fruit1 = Fruit("Kiwi", 60)
# calling the print_fruit() method
fruit1.print_fruit()

l = [1, 2 ,3]
# adding an element to the end of the list
l.append(4)
print(l)
# adding element -1 at index 3
l.insert(3,-1)
print(l)
# adding element -1 at index 1
l.insert(1,-1)
print(l)
# removing first item with value -1
l.remove(-1)
print(l)
# remove and return the element at index 2
elem = l.pop(2)
print("element popped:", elem)
print(l)
# sorting a list
l.sort()
print(l)
# printing the list starting from index 0 and ending at index 2
print(l[0:3])
# printing the second last element of the list
print(l[-2])
# List comprehension.
# converting all the elements of the list to uppercase
print([x.upper() for x in ["x","y","z"]])
# List of lists
m = [['kiwi','watermelon'],['20','30','40']]
print(m)

fruit =	{
  "name": "Mango",
  "weight": 60,
  "origin": "Pakistan"
}
# Printing the dictionary
print(fruit)
# Using a key to look up value
print(fruit["name"])
# Changing the value of an item
fruit["name"] = "Banana"
print(fruit["name"])
# Adding a new key
fruit["color"] = "Yellow"
print(fruit)