Subtypes
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The concept of a subtype, or a subclass, is a fundamental concept in natural language, mathematics, and informatics. For instance, in English, we say that a bird is an animal, or the class of all birds is a subclass of the class of all animals. In linguistics, the noun “bird” is a hyponym of the noun “animal.”
An object type may be specialized by subtypes, for instance, bird is specialized by parrot, or generalized by supertypes, such as bird and ...