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All LessonsFree Lessons (7)

Before Getting Started

Introduction to Distributed Systems

Getting Started Fallacies of Distributed Computing Difficulties Designing Distributed Systems Measures of Correctness in Distributed Systems System Models Types of Failures The Tale of Exactly-Once Semantics Failure in the World of Distributed Systems Stateless and Stateful Systems Quiz on Essentials of Distributed Systems

Basic Concepts and Theorems

Partitioning Algorithms for Horizontal Partitioning Replication Primary-Backup Replication Algorithm Multi-Primary Replication Algorithm Quorums in Distributed Systems Let AI Evaluate Your Understanding of Replication Algorithms Safety Guarantees in Distributed Systems ACID Transactions The CAP Theorem Consistency Models CAP Theorem's Consistency Model Isolation Levels and Anomalies Prevention of Anomalies in Isolation Levels Consistency and Isolation Hierarchy of Models Why All the Formalities?Quiz on Distributed System Concepts and Theorems

Distributed Transactions

Introduction to Distributed Transactions Quiz on Distributed Transactions

Achieving Isolation

Achieving Serializability Pessimistic Concurrency Control (PCC)Optimistic Concurrency Control (OCC)Achieving Snapshot Isolation Achieving Full Serializable Snapshot Isolation Quiz on Isolation

Achieving Atomicity

Hard to Guarantee Atomicity 2-Phase Commit (2PC)3-Phase Commit (3PC)Quorum-Based Commit Protocol Quiz on Atomicity

Concluding Distributed Transactions

How It All Fits Together Long-Lived Transactions and Sagas

Consensus

Defining the Consensus Problem

FLP Impossibility

The Paxos Algorithm

Intricacies of Paxos

Paxos in Real Life

Replicated State Machine via Consensus

Distributed Transactions via Consensus

An introduction to Raft

Communication among Raft Nodes

Raft's Implementation

Standing on the Shoulders of Giants

Quiz on Consensus

Time

What is Different in a Distributed System?A Practical Perspective A Theoretical Perspective Logical Clocks Quiz on Distributed Clocks

Order

Total and Partial Ordering The Concept of Causality Lamport Clocks Vector Clocks Version Vectors Dotted Version Vectors Distributed Snapshot Problem Solving the Distributed Snapshot Problem Physical and Logical Time: Closing Thoughts Quiz on Event Ordering

Networking

Introduction The Physical Layer The Link Layer - Services The Link-Layer Protocols The Network Layer The Transport Layer The Application Layer Taking a Step Back Quiz on Networking

Security

Introduction Authentication Confidentiality Integrity A Cryptography Primer Symmetric/Asymmetric Encryption and Digital Signatures Quiz on Security

Security Protocols

Transport Layer Security (TLS)Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI)Web of Trust (PGP)OAuth Protocol Quiz on Security Protocols

From Theory to Practice

Case Study 1: Distributed File Systems

Hadoop Distributed File System and Google File System Creating and Reading Files Writing and Deleting Files GFS Consistency Model Quiz on Distributed File Systems

Case Study 2: Distributed Coordination Service

Coordination Service Zookeeper Guarantees Provided by Zookeeper Zookeeper's ZAB Protocol Examples of Powerful Primitives by Zookeeper API Quiz on Distributed Coordination Service

Case Study 3: Distributed Data Stores

Introduction BigTable/HBase Architecture Appends and Read Operations in HBase Guarantees Provided by HBase Cassandra's Data Model Cassandra's Cluster Internode Communication Cassandra's Consistency Levels Linearizability Violations in Cassandra Linearizability Guarantees by Cassandra Cassandra Performing Queries Efficiently Spanner's Data Model Spanner's Architecture Spanner using TrueTime Spanner Operations FaunaDB Quiz on Distributed Data Stores

Case Study 4: Distributed Messaging System

Introduction to Kafka Kafka Levers Kafka's Messaging Guarantees Transactions, Storage Layout, and other Guarantees Quiz on Distributed Messaging Queue

Case Study 5: Distributed Cluster Management

Kubernetes Components of Manager and Worker Nodes Quiz

Case Study 6: Distributed Ledger

Introduction to Corda Corda's Data Model Corda's Architecture Backwards Compatibility provided by Corda Quiz on Distributed Ledger

Case Study 7: Distributed Data Processing Systems

Introduction Introduction to MapReduce MapReduce's Manager-Worker Architecture Introduction to Apache Spark DAG of Stages in Apache Spark Perks of Apache Spark Apache Flink Time and Watermarks in Flink Failure Recovery in Flink Quiz on Distributed Data Processing Systems

Practices & Patterns

Communication Patterns

Creating and Parsing Data Transfer of Data Datastores for Asynchronous Communication Communication Models

Coordination Patterns

Coordination Patterns

Data Synchronization

Data Synchronisation Event Sourcing Change Data Capture (CDC)

Shared-nothing Architectures

Sharing Problems and their Solution Benefits and Drawbacks

Distributed Locking

Leases in Distributed Systems Preventing Safety Risks in Leases

Compatibility Patterns

Backwards Compatibility Maintaining Backwards Compatibility

Dealing with Failure

Failure Handling Techniques Applying Failure Handling Techniques Retries Containing Impact of Failure Backpressure Reacting to Backpressure

Distributed Tracing

Recording Program's Execution

Concluding this Course

Recap of the Course Some More Things to Discover

Distributed Systems for Practitioners/

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FLP Impossibility

FLP Impossibility

Let's study the FLP impossibility theory.

We'll cover the following...

FLP impossibility theory

Researchers have found many different solutions to the consensus problem, but they have also found important constraints that impose some limitations on the possible solutions.

We should note that it’s beneficial to know the limits of the available solutions to a problem, and the research community has benefited massively from this.

We will start by first explaining these limitations and ...