Gain insights into data processing using Bash, sed, awk, and RegEx. Explore sorting, searching, replacing, and optimizing data tasks interactively with animated videos, projects, quizzes, and tasks.

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2500+ students have taken this innovative project-based data learning course (includes video lectures). It demonstrates the use of Bash shell (Bash, sed and awk including RegEx) in processing textual data. It can help to learn to sort, search, match, replace, clean and optimize various aspects of data with Bash Shell. The target audience (students, researchers, scientists, journalists, data miners, developers) didn't have to go through any tough learning curve. This course also should have helped RedHat, SuSE and Ubuntu Linux learners and Data Science enthusiasts.  Regularly updated, new projects to come!

- Learn Bash commands interactively
- Projects with own stories and conclusive decisions
- Animated video lectures (for visual learners)
- Demonstrations
- Quizzes
- Learning tasks

Bloom's taxonomy (remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate and create) in developing your Linux skills. Learn Scientific Programming! scientificprogramming.io

Learn Data Science with Bash Shell

Bash arithmetic `expansion` provides a powerful tool for performing arithmetic operations in scripts. Translating a string into a numerical expression is relatively straightforward using backticks (\`), double parentheses `(( ))`, or `let`.

## Example 1:

Where, `expr` is an all-purpose expression evaluator.

## Example 2:


An example consisting of `let` 

## Example 3:


**Order of Precedence** operators are evaluated in order of precedence. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence:

~~~~~~
       id++ id--
              variable post-increment and post-decrement
       ++id --id
              variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
       - +    unary minus and plus
       ! ~    logical and bitwise negation
       **     exponentiation
       * / %  multiplication, division, remainder
       + -    addition, subtraction
       << >>  left and right bitwise shifts
       <= >= < >
              comparison
       == !=  equality and inequality
       &      bitwise AND
       ^      bitwise exclusive OR
       |      bitwise OR
       &&     logical AND
       ||     logical OR
       expr?expr:expr
              conditional operator
       = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
              assignment
       expr1 , expr2
              comma
~~~~~~

Apart from the precedence, **operators that work with integers** are given below with some examples:

{title="Operator's order of Precedence in Bash"}

| Operator | Description | Example | Output|
|---|---|---|---|
|`+`|Addition|`echo $(( 10 + 1 ))`|`11`|
|`-`|Subtraction|`echo $(( 11 - 1 ))`|`10`|
|`/`|Division|`echo $(( 10 / 2 ))`|`5`|
|`*`|Multiplication|`echo $(( 10 * 5 ))`|`50`|
|`%`|Modulus|`echo $(( 10 % 3 ))`|`1`|
|`++`|post-increment (add variable value by 1)|`x=5;echo $(( x++ ));echo $(( x++ ))`|`5 6`|
|`--`|post-decrement (subtract variable value by 1)|`x=5; echo $(( x-- ))`|`4`|
|`**`|Exponentiation|`x=3;y=3;echo $(( x ** y ))`|`9`|

## Code example:

Bash arithmetic `expansion` provides a powerful tool for performing arithmetic operations in scripts. Translating a string into a numerical expression is relatively straightforward using backticks (\`), double parentheses `(( ))`, or `let`.

# Example 1:

Where, `expr` is an all-purpose expression evaluator.

# Example 2:


An example consisting of `let` 

# Example 3:


**Order of Precedence** operators are evaluated in order of precedence. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence:

~~~~~~
       id++ id--
              variable post-increment and post-decrement
       ++id --id
              variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
       - +    unary minus and plus
       ! ~    logical and bitwise negation
       **     exponentiation
       * / %  multiplication, division, remainder
       + -    addition, subtraction
       << >>  left and right bitwise shifts
       <= >= < >
              comparison
       == !=  equality and inequality
       &      bitwise AND
       ^      bitwise exclusive OR
       |      bitwise OR
       &&     logical AND
       ||     logical OR
       expr?expr:expr
              conditional operator
       = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
              assignment
       expr1 , expr2
              comma
~~~~~~

Apart from the precedence, **operators that work with integers** are given below with some examples:

{title="Operator's order of Precedence in Bash"}

| Operator | Description | Example | Output|
|---|---|---|---|
|`+`|Addition|`echo $(( 10 + 1 ))`|`11`|
|`-`|Subtraction|`echo $(( 11 - 1 ))`|`10`|
|`/`|Division|`echo $(( 10 / 2 ))`|`5`|
|`*`|Multiplication|`echo $(( 10 * 5 ))`|`50`|
|`%`|Modulus|`echo $(( 10 % 3 ))`|`1`|
|`++`|post-increment (add variable value by 1)|`x=5;echo $(( x++ ));echo $(( x++ ))`|`5 6`|
|`--`|post-decrement (subtract variable value by 1)|`x=5; echo $(( x-- ))`|`4`|
|`**`|Exponentiation|`x=3;y=3;echo $(( x ** y ))`|`9`|

# Code example:

**Order of Precedence** operators are evaluated in order of precedence. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence:

~~~~~~
       id++ id--
              variable post-increment and post-decrement
       ++id --id
              variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
       - +    unary minus and plus
       ! ~    logical and bitwise negation
       **     exponentiation
       * / %  multiplication, division, remainder
       + -    addition, subtraction
       << >>  left and right bitwise shifts
       <= >= < >
              comparison
       == !=  equality and inequality
       &      bitwise AND
       ^      bitwise exclusive OR
       |      bitwise OR
       &&     logical AND
       ||     logical OR
       expr?expr:expr
              conditional operator
       = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
              assignment
       expr1 , expr2
              comma
~~~~~~

Apart from the precedence, **operators that work with integers** are given below with some examples:

{title="Operator's order of Precedence in Bash"}

| Operator | Description | Example | Output|
|---|---|---|---|
|`+`|Addition|`echo ＄(( 10 + 1 ))`|`11`|
|`-`|Subtraction|`echo ＄(( 11 - 1 ))`|`10`|
|`/`|Division|`echo ＄(( 10 / 2 ))`|`5`|
|`*`|Multiplication|`echo ＄(( 10 * 5 ))`|`50`|
|`%`|Modulus|`echo ＄(( 10 % 3 ))`|`1`|
|`++`|post-increment (add variable value by 1)|`x=5;echo ＄(( x++ ));echo ＄(( x++ ))`|`5 6`|
|`--`|post-decrement (subtract variable value by 1)|`x=5; echo ＄(( x-- ))`|`4`|
|`**`|Exponentiation|`x=3;y=3;echo ＄(( x ** y ))`|`9`|

# Code example:

Course Introduction

Project 1: Analyzing the 'US News' University Ranking Data

Project 2: Facebook Data Mining

Project 3: Australian Cities Crime Statistics

Project 4: Shakespearean-era plays and poems data mining

Bash Tutorials

REGEX Tutorials

AWK Tutorials

SED, GREP and Find Tutorials

Beyond the Text Files! Enter into the Big Data Landscape - Concepts

Conclusion

Bash arithmetic

Example 1: #

Example 2: #

Example 3: #