Learn PHP basics with hands-on practice in hello world in PHP, variables in PHP, functions in PHP, arrays in PHP, PHP inheritance, PHP exceptions, and more.

This interactive course introduces you to the fundamentals of PHP programming, one of the most widely used languages in web development. Starting with a simple hello world in PHP, you’ll explore the basics, including PHP output, variables in PHP, and PHP data types. You’ll also learn about PHP constants, arithmetic operators, comparison operators, logical operators, and assignment operators.

The course progresses into conditional statements in PHP, PHP switch, and various loops such as PHP for loop, PHP while loop, and more. You will then dive deeper into functions in PHP, understand PHP variable scope, and learn PHP pass by reference or value. Additionally, you’ll gain a working knowledge of strings in PHP, PHP string operations, and handling arrays in PHP, including PHP multidimensional arrays.

In the advanced sections, you’ll explore classes in PHP, inheritance, constructors, and destructors, handling PHP exceptions with PHP throw and catch exceptions.

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# Precedence

Operator precedence determines which operator is performed first in an expression with more than one operators. Operator precedence in PHP is similar to that of regular arithmetic operators. 

* `*`, `/`, `%` operators have **equal** precedence.
* `+` , `-` operators have **equal** precedence.
* `*`, `/` , `%` have a **higher** precedence than `+` , `-`.

The operator with higher precedence is executed first in the expression.

# Associativity 
**Associativity** is used when two operators of the same precedence appear in an expression. 

## Left Associativity
Left associativity occurs when an expression is evaluated from left to right. For example `*` and `/` have the same precedence and their associativity is left to right, so the expression 
```php
100 / 10 * 10 
```
is treated as: 
```php
(100 / 10) * 10
```
## Right Associativity
Right associativity occurs when an expression is evaluated from right to left. Like most programming languages, `=` and `print` in PHP have right associativity.

Run the following code to see a few examples:

This lesson discusses two important characteristics of arithmetic operators, i.e., precedence and associativity. 

PHP Basics

PHP Variables

PHP Operators

PHP Conditional Statements

PHP Loops

PHP Functions

PHP Strings

PHP Arrays

PHP Assessment 1

PHP Classes

Exception Handling in PHP

PHP Assessment 2

Precedence and Associativity

Precedence #

Associativity #

Left Associativity #