performance.tar.gz

Puppeteer

XPath, or XML path, is a query language used for locating a node from a DOM. It is one of the most common ways of identifying an element while writing Selenium UI tests.

In this course, you will learn various techniques for writing an expression that identifies a complex locator. In the process, you will also learn the tips and tricks of writing an efficient and optimized locator. We have used puppeteer with Javascript to demonstrate evaluating an XPath expression in this course.

This course is designed for both beginner and intermediate level developers, as well as QA engineers who want to master the art of writing effective XPath expressions.

Mastering XPath for Selenium

### XPath functions in Selenium

There are various functions that are supported in Selenium. Let’s discuss the most widely and commonly used ones.

#### Examples

 *The HTML structure for the following examples of different XPath functions are as follows:*

  ```xml
  <input type="radio" id="cri-sports" value="cricket-game">Cricket</input>

  ```

* **contains()**: is used to identify a node/element by ensuring that it contains certain attributes values.

  *General Syntax:*
  ```xml
  //tag[contains(@attribute, 'some-value')]
  ```
  XPath expression for the above HTML element:
     ```xml
  //input[contains(@id, 'cri-sports')]
  ```

* **text()**: helps in identifying a node/element using its text value.

  *General Syntax:*
  ```xml
  //tag[text()='text-value']
  ```

   XPath expression for the above HTML element:
     ```xml
  //input[text()='Cricket']
  ```

* **starts-with()**: checks the starting text of an attribute value.

   *General Syntax:*
  ```xml
  //tag[starts-with(@attribute, 'some-value')]
  ```
  XPath expression for the above HTML element:
   ```xml
   //input[starts-with(@value, 'cricket')]
   ```


* **Combination of multiple functions**: identifies or locates an element using XPath expression.
   

    ```xml
   //input[contains(text(), 'Cricket')]
   ```

  Or,

     ```xml
   //input[contains(text(), 'Cric')]
   ```
   

*Let's take a look at the example code below showing XPath functions:*

# XPath functions in Selenium

There are various functions that are supported in Selenium. Let’s discuss the most widely and commonly used ones.

## Examples

 *The HTML structure for the following examples of different XPath functions are as follows:*

  ```xml
  <input type="radio" id="cri-sports" value="cricket-game">Cricket</input>

  ```

* **contains()**: is used to identify a node/element by ensuring that it contains certain attributes values.

  *General Syntax:*
  ```xml
  //tag[contains(@attribute, 'some-value')]
  ```
  XPath expression for the above HTML element:
     ```xml
  //input[contains(@id, 'cri-sports')]
  ```

* **text()**: helps in identifying a node/element using its text value.

  *General Syntax:*
  ```xml
  //tag[text()='text-value']
  ```

   XPath expression for the above HTML element:
     ```xml
  //input[text()='Cricket']
  ```

* **starts-with()**: checks the starting text of an attribute value.

   *General Syntax:*
  ```xml
  //tag[starts-with(@attribute, 'some-value')]
  ```
  XPath expression for the above HTML element:
   ```xml
   //input[starts-with(@value, 'cricket')]
   ```


* **Combination of multiple functions**: identifies or locates an element using XPath expression.
   

    ```xml
   //input[contains(text(), 'Cricket')]
   ```

  Or,

     ```xml
   //input[contains(text(), 'Cric')]
   ```
   

*Let's take a look at the example code below showing XPath functions:*

This lesson covers the usage of functions in writing XPath expressions.

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XPath Expressions using Functions

XPath functions in Selenium

Examples