Gain insights into metaprogramming in Elixir. Delve into macros and discover how to elevate your coding skills, creating powerful libraries with concise, efficient code.

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Get introduced to the concept of metaprogramming. Learn how to level up your programming skills by discovering the full potential of the macro system in Elixir. Understand the ins and outs of metaprogramming at a fundamental level and write incredible libraries by doing more with less code.

Metaprogramming in Elixir

> Macros don’t just generate code for the caller, they inject it. 

The place where code is injected is called a __context__. A context is the scope of the caller’s bindings, imports, and aliases. To the caller of a macro, the __context__ is precious. It holds the view of the world, and by immutability, we don’t expect our variables, imports, and aliases to change underneath us.

Elixir macros strike an excellent balance to safeguard our context while allowing explicit access where necessary. Let’s see how to inject code safely and the available tools to reach into the __caller’s context__ when necessary.



# Injecting code
We have to understand the two contexts in which a __macro__ executes, or we risk generating code in the wrong place. 
The contexts are:

- __Context__ of the macro definition.
- __Caller__’s invocation of the macro. 

Let’s see these contexts in action by defining a `definfo` __macro__ that prints a module’s information in a friendly format while showing the context the code executes in.

defmodule Mod do
  defmacro definfo do
    IO.puts "In macro's context (#{__MODULE__})." 

    quote do
      IO.puts "In caller's context (#{__MODULE__})." 

      def friendly_info do
        IO.puts """
        My name is #{__MODULE__}
        My functions are #{inspect __info__(:functions)}
        """
      end
    end
  end
end

defmodule MyModule do
  require Mod
  Mod.definfo
end


import React from 'react';
import { shallow, configure } from 'enzyme';
import Adapter from 'enzyme-adapter-react-16';

configure({ adapter: new Adapter() });

import HelloWorld from './app';

var TestResult = function() {
    this.succeeded = false;
    this.reason = "";
    this.input = "";
    this.expected_output = "";
    this.actual_output = "";
}

export const executeTests = function() {

  var results = [];

  result = new TestResult();
  result.input = 'HelloWorld Component';
  result.expected_output = "span containing text 'Hello World'"

  let wrapper = shallow(<HelloWorld />);

  // Call your Challenge function here.

  let type = wrapper.type();
  let testSuccessful = true;
  let failureReason;

  if (type !== 'span') {
    testSuccessful = false;
    failureReason = "You need to render exactly one span HTML element";
  } else if (wrapper.props().children != "Hello World") {
     testSuccessful = false;
     failureReason = "You have rendered wrong message in your span element";
  }

  result.actual_output = wrapper.html();

  if (testSuccessful) {
    result.succeeded = true;
    result.reason = "Succeeded"
  } else {
    result.succeeded = false;
    result.reason = failureReason;
  }

  results.push(result);

  return results;
}


Introduction

The Language of Macros

Extending Elixir with Metaprogramming

Advanced Compile-Time Code Generation

Code Generation from Git API

How to Test Macros

Create an HTML Domain-Specific Language

With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility (and Fun!)

Code Injection and the Caller’s Context

Injecting code