In this course, you will learn the basics of Appium, and start your journey of Android & iOS mobile and m-web apps automation.

appium.tar.gz

emulator

Testing the mobile application is generally time-consuming when done for each new release and across devices of various resolutions and versions. Test automation is the most common and effective way to simulate the actual user journey and business use-cases for any application.

In this course, you’ll start by learning the basics of Appium, setting up the environment, native mobile testing frameworks like UIAutomator, XCUITest, locators, and then move on to learn about designing a mobile test automation framework and its various components like build management, logging, and reporting, which are key learnings for any QA engineer or developer. 

By the end of this course, you will be able to automate Android & iOS mobile and m-web apps.

Mobile Test Automation with Appium

# About WebDriver

`WebDriver` is an interface that acts as a bridge between commands (finding, clicking, typing keys, scrolling, etc.) and the device/browser. The communication happens using JSON-wire protocol over HTTP. 

# About AppiumDriver

`AppiumDriver` is a generic implementation of the interface `WebDriver`. In addition, we have specialized implementations like `AndroidDriver`, `IOSDriver`, etc., providing device type-specific commands.

The following table shows the methods that are available in `AppiumDriver`:



|  **Method** | **Description**   |
| - | - |
| `driver.activateApp(bundleId)` | activates the given app if installed but not running, or if it is running in the background |
| `driver.close()` | close the current window/quitting the browser if it's the last window currently open |
| `driver.closeApp()` | closes the app that was provided in the capabilities at session creation and quits the session |
| `driver.launchApp()` | launches the app provided in the capabilities  |
| `driver.context(name)` | switches the focus of future commands, for this driver, to the context with the given name |
| `driver.execute(String driverCommand, Map<String, ?> parameters)` | executes the JSONWP command and returns a response |
| `driver.findElement(By)` | finds the first `WebElement` matching the given locator |
| `driver.findElements(By)` | finds all the `WebElement` matching the given locator |
| `driver.get(url)` | opens the given URL in the current browser tab |
| `driver.getTitle(url)` | gets the title of current browser tab/window |
| `driver.getCurrentUrl()` | returns the URL of the page currently loaded in the browser |
| `driver.getContext()` | gets the current context handle |
| `driver.getContextHandles()` | returns the set of context handles that can be used to iterate over available contexts |
| `driver.getWindowHandle()` | get the current window handle |
| `driver.getWindowHandles()` | returns the set of window handles which can be used to iterate over available handles |
| `driver.switchTo().frame(index or name)` | switches the control to the frame identified by index or name |
| `driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(time, timeUnit)` | for setting the implicit wait before failing to find an element |
| `driver.getPageSource()` | returns the source of the current visible screen |
| `installApp(String appPath)` | installs the given app on the mobile device |
| `isAppInstalled(String bundleId)` | checks whether the given app is installed on the mobile device |
| `driver.location()` | returns the physical location information if present, otherwise returns null |
| `driver.setLocation(location)` | sets the GPS location of the device. Only works on emulators |
| `driver.pullFile(remoteFile)` | returns the base64 string representing the file content from the simulator/device |
| `driver.pullFolder(remoteDirectory)` | returns the base64 string representing the zipped folder contents from the simulator/device |
| `driver.queryAppState(bundleId)` | returns the state of the given app |
| `driver.quit()` | closes all the tabs and windows associated with the browser |
| `driver.removeApp(bundleId)` | uninstalls the given app |
| `driver.resetApp()` | resets the currently running app together with the session |
| `driver.rotate(screenOrientation)` | rotates the device |
| `driver.rotate(deviceRotation)` | rotates the device |
| `driver.rotation()` | rotates the device as given in the capabilities  |
| `driver.runAppInBackground(duration)` | this synchronizes the method block and puts the app in the background until the given time ends. |
| `driver.terminateApp(bundleId)` | terminates the given app if running |
| `driver.manage().logs().get(logType)` |fetches the log entries of the given type | 
| `driver.getScreenshotAs(X)` | fetches the screenshot of the current visible screen as the given type **X**, where **X** can be **file** or **bytes** |


# About AndroidDriver

`AndroidDriver` extends `AppiumDriver`.In addition to the methods available in `AppiumDriver`, `AndroidDriver` exclusively has the following methods:  



|  **Method** | **Description**   |
| - | - |
| `driver.openNotifications()` | opens the notification shade on android devices |
| `driver.getClipboardText()` | gets the text copied to clipboard |
| `driver.setClipboardText(text)` | sets the clipboard text |
| `driver.isDeviceLocked()` | checks if the device is unlocked |
| `driver.isKeyboardShown()` | checks if the keyboard is shown |
| `driver.lockDevice()` | locks the screen of the device |
| `driver.lockDevice(duration)` | locks the screen of the device for the given duration and then returns |
| `driver.unlockDevice()` | unlocks the device |
| `driver.sendSMS(phoneNumber, message)` | emulates sending SMS. Only works on Android emulators. |
| `driver.makeGsmCall( phoneNumber,  gsmCallActions)` | emulates call action.  Only works on Android emulators. |
| `driver.toggleData()` | toggle to use mobile data. Works on emulators and rooted android devices |
| `driver.toggleAirplaneMode()` | toggles airplane mode on android device |
| `driver.toggleLocationServices()` | toggles location |
| `driver.startRecordingScreen(options)` | starts screen recording asynchronously in base64 encoded string |
| `driver.stopRecordingScreen(options)` | returns the recorded video as base64 encoded string |
| `driver.setNetworkSpeed(networkSpeed)` | sets the network speed of the device.  Only works on Android emulators. |
| `driver.setPowerCapacity(percentage)` | sets the battery capacity of the device.  Only works on Android emulators. |



# About IOSDriver

`IOSDriver` extends `AppiumDriver`.In addition to the methods available in `AppiumDriver`, `IOSDriver` exclusively has the following methods: 


|  **Method** | **Description**   |
| - | - |
| `driver.getClipboardText()` | gets the text copied to clipboard |
| `driver.setClipboardText(text)` | sets the clipboard text |
| `driver.shake()` | simulates shaking the device |
| `driver.isDeviceLocked()` | checks if the device is unlocked |
| `driver.isKeyboardShown()` | checks if the keyboard is shown |
| `driver.lockDevice()` | locks the screen of the device |
| `driver.lockDevice(duration)` | locks the screen of the device for the given duration and then returns |
| `driver.unlockDevice()` | unlocks the device |


# MobileElement

The `MobileElememt` is a subclass of `WebElement` and is specific to *Appium* and helps with locating/identifying an element in the app.

The below table shows the methods applicable for `MobileElement`: 


|  **Method** | **Description**   |
| - | - |
| `element.clear()` | clears the contents of the `WebElement` |
| `element.click()` | clicks on the `WebElement` |
| `element.findElement(By)` | finds the child `WebElement` |
| `element.getAttribute(name)` | gets the attribute of the `WebElement` |
| `element.getCenter()` | gets the centre point of the `WebElement` |
| `element.getCoordinates()` | gets the coordinates of the `WebElement` |
| `element.getLocation()` | gets the location of the `WebElement` |
| `element.getRect()` | gets the rectangle of the `WebElement` |
| `element.getScreenshotAs(X)` | gets the screenshot of the `WebElement` as **X** where **X** can be **file** or **bytes** |
| `element.getSize()` | gets the size of the `WebElement` |
| `element.getText()` | gets the text of `WebElement` |
| `element.isDisplayed()` | checks if the `WebElement` is displayed |
| `element.isEnabled()` | checks if the `WebElement` is enabled |
| `element.isSelected()` | checks if the `WebElement` is selected |
| `element.sendKeys(keys)` | sends keys onto the `WebElement` |


# TouchActions

In addition to the above methods, we can also perform some special functions on `MobileElement` like `TouchActions`.

We can initialize the `TouchActions` as shown below:

```
import io.appium.java_client.TouchAction;

TouchAction<?> action = new TouchAction<>(driver);
        action
                .press(
                    PointOption.point(new Point(x, y))
                )
                .longPress(
                    PointOption.point(new Point(x, y))
                )
                .longPress(
                    LongPressOptions
                        .longPressOptions()
                        .withDuration(Duration.ofSeconds(1))
                        .withElement(ElementOption.element(webElement))
                )
                .moveTo(
                    PointOption.point(new Point(x, y))
                )
                .press(PointOption.point(new Point(x, y)))
                .tap(
                    PointOption.point(new Point(x, y))
                )
                .tap(
                    TapOptions
                        .tapOptions()
                        .withElement(
                            ElementOption.element(webElement)
                        )
                        .withTapsCount(1)
                )
                .waitAction(
                    WaitOptions.waitOptions(
                        Duration.ofSeconds(1)
                    )
                )
                .release();
        action.perform();
```

The above code shows the methods that are applicable on `TouchAction`. We can add one or more methods and form a chain of actions. At the end of the chain, we call `.perform()` to perform the chain of actions.

We can perform `scroll` by performing the following actions in a sequence:

```
import io.appium.java_client.TouchAction;

TouchAction<?> action = new TouchAction<>(driver);

actions
        .press(PointOption.point(startX, startY))
        .waitAction(WaitOptions.waitOptions(Duration.ofMillis(100)))
        .moveTo(PointOption.point(endX, endY))
        .release()
        .perform();
```


# Explicit waits

**Explicit waits** are for halting the program execution or freezing the thread until the condition is satisfied.

```
// initialize with driver and maximum timeout in seconds
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 3)
    .ignoreAll(Arrays.asList(StaleElementReferenceException.class))  // ignoring given exceptions while waiting for the condition to be satisfied
    .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(1)); // how often to check if the condition is satisfied
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By));
```

> **Note:** `org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions` has many implementations for `ExpectedCondition<T>` and we can use custom implementations as well.

Get introduced to WebDriver basics and the methods available in it.

Method	Description
`driver.activateApp(bundleId)`	activates the given app if installed but not running, or if it is running in the background
`driver.close()`	close the current window/quitting the browser if it’s the last window currently open
`driver.closeApp()`	closes the app that was provided in the capabilities at session creation and quits the session
`driver.launchApp()`	launches the app provided in the capabilities
`driver.context(name)`	switches the focus of future commands, for this driver, to the context with the given name
`driver.execute(String driverCommand, Map<String, ?> parameters)`	executes the JSONWP command and returns a response
`driver.findElement(By)`	finds the first `WebElement` matching the given locator
`driver.findElements(By)`	finds all the `WebElement` matching the given locator
`driver.get(url)`	opens the given URL in the current browser tab
`driver.getTitle(url)`	gets the title of current browser tab/window
`driver.getCurrentUrl()`	returns the URL of the page currently loaded in the browser
`driver.getContext()`	gets the current context handle
`driver.getContextHandles()`	returns the set of context handles that can be used to iterate over available contexts
`driver.getWindowHandle()`	get the current window handle
`driver.getWindowHandles()`	returns the set of window handles which can be used to iterate over available handles
`driver.switchTo().frame(index or name)`	switches the control to the frame

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AppiumDriver Basics

About WebDriver

About AppiumDriver