In this course, you will learn the basics of Appium, and start your journey of Android & iOS mobile and m-web apps automation.

appium.tar.gz

emulator

Testing the mobile application is generally time-consuming when done for each new release and across devices of various resolutions and versions. Test automation is the most common and effective way to simulate the actual user journey and business use-cases for any application.

In this course, you’ll start by learning the basics of Appium, setting up the environment, native mobile testing frameworks like UIAutomator, XCUITest, locators, and then move on to learn about designing a mobile test automation framework and its various components like build management, logging, and reporting, which are key learnings for any QA engineer or developer. 

By the end of this course, you will be able to automate Android & iOS mobile and m-web apps.

Mobile Test Automation with Appium

We have already learned about capabilities in the previous lesson. In this lesson, we will learn about the capabilities that are unique to iOS app automation. 

# Capabilities for iOS app automation 

The following table shows the capabilities with respect to automating iOS applications:


|	**Capability Name**     |			**Description**			|	**Possible Values**	|
|		----			|			------				|		-----		|
| 	`automationName`	| 	automation engine to use	|  	XCUITest 	|
| 	`platformName`		|	mobile OS platform to use	|  	ios			|
|	`platformVersion`		| 	mobile OS version			| 	7.1, 4.4, etc.	|
|	`deviceName`			|	kind of mobile device or emulator to use	|	iPhone Simulator, etc.... |	
| 	`bundleId`				| 	bundle ID of the app under test that is unique for every app 	| |
| 	`app`					| 	absolute path of .app incase of simulator or .ipa file incase of real device or file or a .zip file containing the .app or .ipa file or publicly hosted .zip or .ipa file	| /path/.ipa or /path/.zip or http://.../app.ipa  |
|	`otherApps`			|	app or list of apps (as a JSON array) to install at the start of running tests. It could be a local file or publicly hosted app | [ "/path/.app", "http://.../app.ipa"  ] |
|	`udid`				|	unique device identifier of the connected physical device	|	e.g. A798E8EF-E2D0-4405-8DB4-4E282DB4C95A |
|	`autoLaunch`			|	initializes the app to test automatically. Defaults to true	|	true or false	|
|	`autoWebview`			|	move directly into `WebView` context. Defaults to false		|	true or false	|
|	`noReset`				|	do not reset app state before this session				| true or false	|
|	`fullReset`				|	performs a complete reset 				|	true or false	| 
|	`autoAcceptAlerts`		| 	accepts all iOS alerts (like location permission, etc.) automatically if they pop up. Defaults to false | true or false |
| 	`autoDismissAlerts`		| 	dismisses all iOS alerts (like location permission, etc.) automatically if they pop up. Defaults to false | true or false |
|	`showIOSLog`			|	shows any logs captured from a device in the Appium logs. Defaults to false	|	true or false |
|	`sendKeyStrategy`		|	allows you to transcribe the test into a text field. Simulator default is `oneByOne`, and real devices default is `grouped`	|oneByOne, grouped or setValue|
|	`xcodeOrgId`			|	Apple developer team identifier string. |	e.g., JWL241K123 |
|	`xcodeSigningId`		|	string representing a signing certificate. Must be used in conjunction with xcodeOrgId. Defaults to iPhone developer  | iPhone Developer |
|	`useNewWDA`				|	if true, forces uninstall of any existing WebDriverAgent app on a device for each session | true or false  |
|	`usePrebuiltWDA`		|	skips the build phase of running the WDA app if set to true. Defaults to false	| true or false	|

</div>

There are more capabilities other than what is mentioned above. Follow these links -- [general-capabilities](http://appium.io/docs/en/writing-running-appium/caps/#general-capabilities), [ios-only](http://appium.io/docs/en/writing-running-appium/caps/#ios-only), [xcuitest-capabilities](https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#desired-capabilities) to learn more. 

## Finding the bundleId of an application

### For real devices

We need a `.ipa` file for real devices. Once we have a `.ipa` file, follow the below steps to find the bundle identifier of the app:
* Rename the file's extension from `.ipa` to `.zip`
* Unzip the archive
* Open folder **"Payloads"**
* Right-click on the app found inside "Payloads" and click on **"Show Package Contents"**
* Open `Info.plist` and find the value of `Bundle identifier` key.

### Simulators

For simulators, we need a `.app` file. Once we have the `.app` file, follow the below steps to find the bundle identifier of the app:

* Right-click on the app found inside "Payloads" and click on **"Show Package Contents"**
* Open `Info.plist` and find the value of `Bundle identifier` key.

### BundleID of an installed app

To find the bundle identifier of an app that is installed from the App Store, follow the below steps:

* Open [https://www.apple.com/in/app-store/](https://www.apple.com/in/app-store/)
* Search for the app and open it. Make sure the app icon matches. For example: let us search for **"Calender"** and the URL of the app in App Store is [https://apps.apple.com/in/app/calendar/id1108185179](https://apps.apple.com/in/app/calendar/id1108185179).
* Fetch the ID of the App from the URL that we got from the previous step and remove the ID from it. For example: **1108185179** 
* Open the link [https://itunes.apple.com/lookup?id=\<id\>](https://itunes.apple.com/lookup?id=<id>), where we need to replace `<id>` with the ID we found from the previous step. 
* In the file that is downloaded, search for the value of the `bundleId` key.

# Configurations for real iOS devices

We need to do some configurations on the Mac machine and the real iOS phone that we are going to use for automation. Follow the step given [here](https://appium.io/docs/en/drivers/ios-xcuitest-real-devices/) to do those configurations.

# Writing iOS app test

Let us put all the knowledge together and write our **Appium** automation script using Java for to test the **Calendar** application that will be pre-installed in most of the ios phones.

## Minimum required capabilities 

The following are the minimum capabilities needed for launching and testing the **Calendar** application.

```
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, Platform.IOS);
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME, AutomationName.IOS_XCUI_TEST);
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.UDID, "A798E8EF-E2D0-4405-8DB4-4E282DB4C95A");
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "iphone simulator");
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "14");
capabilities.setCapability(IOSMobileCapabilityType.BUNDLE_ID, "com.apple.MobileAddressBook");
```

> **Note:** 
> * You can boot the simulator using the command `open -a Simulator`. Use command `idevice_id  -l` to fetch the serial number of the device and ID of the booted simulator using the command `xcrun simctl list | grep -i booted`. 
>
> * Xcode version that is installed on the phone has to be compatible with the iOS device's OS version. To use multiple versions of the Xcode version, we can follow this [link](https://appium.io/docs/en/advanced-concepts/multiple-xcode-versions/).


## iOS test code
In this sample test code, we will do the following:

* start the Appium session programmatically and launch the **Calendar** application.
* search for the contact **"Appium"**
* capture a screenshot of the current page





Learn how to automate an iOS application and mobile web on iOS phone.

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Example - iOS App and Mobile Web Automation

Capabilities for iOS app automation

Capability Name	Description	Possible Values
`automationName`	automation engine to use	XCUITest
`platformName`	mobile OS platform to use	ios
`platformVersion`	mobile OS version	7.1, 4.4, etc.
`deviceName`	kind of mobile device or emulator to use	iPhone Simulator, etc…
`bundleId`	bundle ID of the app under test that is unique for every app
`app`	absolute path of .app incase of simulator or .ipa file incase of real device or file or a .zip file containing the .app or .ipa file or publicly hosted .zip or .ipa file	/path/.ipa or /path/.zip or http://…/app.ipa
`otherApps`	app or list of apps (as a JSON array) to install at the start of running tests. It could be a local file or publicly hosted app	[ “/path/.app”, “http://…/app.ipa” ]
`udid`	unique device identifier of the connected physical device	e.g. A798E8EF-E2D0-4405-8DB4-4E282DB4C95A
`autoLaunch`	initializes the app to test automatically. Defaults to true	true or false
`autoWebview`	move directly into `WebView` context. Defaults to false	true or false
`noReset`	do not reset app state before this session	true or false
`fullReset`	performs a complete reset	true or false
`autoAcceptAlerts`	accepts all iOS alerts (like location permission, etc.) automatically if they pop up. Defaults to false	true or false
`autoDismissAlerts`	dismisses all iOS alerts (like location permission, etc.) automatically if they pop up. Defaults to false	true or false
`showIOSLog`