Gain insights into object-oriented programming in PHP. Discover classes, objects, methods, inheritance, and more. Build dynamic server-side applications using OOP techniques and PHP database management.

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Object-oriented programming is perhaps the dominant development paradigm for leading languages including Java, C#, and Python. The rich class and inheritance framework wasn’t fully implemented in modern PHP until 2015, and best practices for object-oriented programming are still emerging.

This course is an introduction to object-oriented programming in PHP. You’ll start with the basics of the OOP paradigm and get familiar with classes, objects, methods, and properties. You’ll then chain methods and properties using the this keyword before working with access modifiers and magic methods. With these basics down, you’ll take a deep dive into object-oriented programming in PHP, including inheritance, abstraction, polymorphism, and namespaces. After exploring exception handling, you’ll use these object-oriented techniques to build, manage, and edit a PHP database.

By the end of this course, you’ll be prepared to build dynamic server-side applications using object-oriented programming in PHP.

Object-Oriented Programming in PHP

# Trait vs. inheritance

The following is a list of properties that make traits different from inheritance:

* Traits use a form of inheritance known as **horizontal inheritance**. Here, the code from the trait is included in the classes in which it is used. This is similar to using `require` or `include` functions in the classes to include code from the outside. 
* In a trait, it is possible to put concrete (real) methods, abstract methods, properties, and even constants.
* While the same class can use more than one trait, it can only inherit from one class.
* Traits do not respect the visibility scope. That allows a trait’s methods to access private properties and methods in the class that uses them.  
  
In the example below, the trait’s method `changePriceByDollars()` is allowed to interact with the private property `$price`.

# Trait vs. inheritance

The following is a list of properties that make traits different from inheritance:

* Traits use a form of inheritance known as **horizontal inheritance**. Here, the code from the trait is included in the classes in which it is used. This is similar to using `require` or `include` functions in the classes to include code from the outside. 
* In a trait, it is possible to put concrete (real) methods, abstract methods, properties, and even constants.
* While the same class can use more than one trait, it can only inherit from one class.
* Traits do not respect the visibility scope. That allows a trait’s methods to access private properties and methods in the class that uses them.  
  
In the example below, the trait’s method `changePriceByDollars()` is allowed to interact with the private property `＄price`.

Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of traits in comparison to inheritance.

Introduction

Classes and Objects

Using the $this Keyword for Chaining Methods and Properties

Access Modifiers

Magic Methods and Constants Unveiled

Inheritance in Object-oriented Programming

Abstract Classes and Interfaces

Polymorphism and Type Hinting

Static Methods & Properties and Traits

Namespaces & Dependency Injection

Exception Handling

PHP Database

Model-view-controller (MVC)

Conclusion

Appendix

Differences between Traits and Inheritance

Trait vs. inheritance