Discover challenging Python brain teasers that test your skills and stretch your thinking. Gain insights into advanced concepts and enhance your understanding of this versatile language.

Forget Scrabble, Boggle, or Wordle. Tease your mind and test your skills with these fun brain teasers designed to stretch your thinking and expand your understanding of one of the most widely used languages out there. 

Python is simple. These puzzles are not. Good luck!

Python Brain Teasers

## Let's try it!
Try executing the code below to verify the results:

from email.message import EmailMessage

msg = EmailMessage()
msg['From'] = 'xyz@someCompany.com'
msg['To'] = 'ABC <abc@privateCompany.com>'
msg.set_content('''\
Dear Sir.

I'm here to learn Python.
...
''')
print(msg)

## Explanation 
When Python looks for a module to import (`email`, for example), it’ll go over the directories in `sys.path` and try to find a module matching the name. The first value in `sys.path` is `''` (the empty string). The value `''` stands for the current directory in which we have the teaser file `email.py`. Python will load this `email.py` instead of the one in the standard library and will not find the message submodule in it.
> Note: The lesson here is it’s a bad idea to use module names already taken by the standard library.

Python’s import mechanism is pretty complex. Apart from `.py` files, it can import the following:

- Built-in modules (for example,`sys`, which is baked into Python).
- Directories with `__init__.py` files in them.
- Shared libraries (like `.so`, `.dll`, `.dyld`, or `…`).
- Files that are `.pyc` byte-compiled (like those found in `__pycache__` directory).
- And many more.

We can also add import hooks to bring in files from other locations. There’s a built-in hook to import from zip files. We can see `python38.zip` in the `sys.path`.

To allow distributions to customize the import path, Python looks for site.py and loads it once it starts. We can run the snippet below to view the import path.
``` python
python -m site 
```


## Solution
For more freedom with package names, we can use relative imports. In relative imports, if we have a file called `email.py` in our package, it can import the system email. We can use the snippet below to import the `send_email` from our package.

```
from .email import `send_email`
``` 



# Let's try it!
Try executing the code below to verify the results:

# Explanation 
When Python looks for a module to import (`email`, for example), it’ll go over the directories in `sys.path` and try to find a module matching the name. The first value in `sys.path` is `''` (the empty string). The value `''` stands for the current directory in which we have the teaser file `email.py`. Python will load this `email.py` instead of the one in the standard library and will not find the message submodule in it.
> Note: The lesson here is it’s a bad idea to use module names already taken by the standard library.

Python’s import mechanism is pretty complex. Apart from `.py` files, it can import the following:

- Built-in modules (for example,`sys`, which is baked into Python).
- Directories with `__init__.py` files in them.
- Shared libraries (like `.so`, `.dll`, `.dyld`, or `…`).
- Files that are `.pyc` byte-compiled (like those found in `__pycache__` directory).
- And many more.

We can also add import hooks to bring in files from other locations. There’s a built-in hook to import from zip files. We can see `python38.zip` in the `sys.path`.

To allow distributions to customize the import path, Python looks for site.py and loads it once it starts. We can run the snippet below to view the import path.
``` python
python -m site 
```


# Solution
For more freedom with package names, we can use relative imports. In relative imports, if we have a file called `email.py` in our package, it can import the system email. We can use the snippet below to import the `send_email` from our package.

```
from .email import `send_email`
``` 



Let’s find out how modules work in Python.

Before We Begin

Python Puzzles

Wrapping Up

Puzzle 6: Explanation

Let’s try it!

Explanation