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Welcome to Begin Rust

Introduction Instructions

Hello World and variables

Hello World What Does That Mean?Interpolation Variables More Math!Multiple Variables and Shadowing Types Summary Exercises

Anatomy of Rust

Introduction Pairing and Nesting Layout Comments Expressions, Values, and Types Variables, Again Effects Versus Results Blocks and Statements Summary Exercises

Functions

Hello World, Again Function Parameters Function Results Multiple Parameters Variable and Parameter Scope Anatomy of a Function Calling Functions Is main Special?Summary Exercises

Booleans

Equality Assertions Comparison Operators Functions Returning Booleans The Not Operator Not-ing Other Comparison Operators And/Or Summary Exercises

Conditionals

Hello If A Note on Semicolons Else Else If Evaluating to Values Factorial and Recursion Summary Exercises

Mutable variables and while loops

While Expressions/Loops Failed Attempt: Shadowing Almost Correct: Assignment More Than Once!Counting Sum Nested Loops Mutation and Shadowing Let Without Assignment Summary Exercises

Structs and ownership

All This Fruit!Struct Call Another Function Ownership and Moving Copy Values Make a Copy Move Out!Increasing Fruit Upper and Lower Case Summary Exercises

References

Borrow Mutable References What's In a Reference?Deref Lifetimes of References Mutating and Borrowing Multiple References Single Mutable Reference Mutable to Immutable Summary Exercises

Methods

Hello Method Calls!Type Inference Side Note: Underscores in Numbers Negative Numbers are Annoying Hello Method Implementations!Methods by Reference Static Methods The Self Type Method Call Chaining Summary Exercises

Strings

Bits, Bytes, and Memory

Dynamically Sized Types

Lifetimes of String Literals

The Type of Owned Strings

Borrowing a String

A Better Person

The format! Macro

Arrays, Vecs, and slices

Arrays Indexing Slices The Relation to String Slices Vec Slicing a Slice Summary Exercises

Type parameters

Parameterized Structs Parameterized Functions Parameterized impl Blocks Turbofish!Summary Exercises

Traits

Double Double Trait Bounds Parameterized Fruit Display Clone and Derive Copy and Marker Traits Debug Partial Equal, Partial Order Using Traits From std Multiple Bounds Associated Types Summary Exercises

Enums

Get Me a Job Using Variants Pattern Matching Commas and Braces More Teachers Methods for Enums Optional Results Capturing with Match Summary Exercises

Iterators and for loops

Count to 10 Iterators Inclusive Range Expressions Iterating Over a Vec IntoIterator The Rule of 3 Arrays and Slices Iterating on Strings Generic Iterator Functions Summary Exercises

Early exit

Time for a Break Go On...Replacing For With While Returning The Favor Salaries Let Me Ask You a Question Failing With Style Errors in main Summary Exercises

What’s next?

Install Rust on Your Local Machine Do More Exercises Get Involved Thank you!

The Ultimate Guide to Rust Programming/

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The Type of Owned Strings

The Type of Owned Strings

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The type of an owned string is String. You can test this by modifying the program above to have a type annotation, e.g.,

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fn main() {
    let first_name = "Michael".to_owned();
    let last_name = " Snoyman";
    let full_name: String = first_name + last_name;
    println!("Full name is {}", full_name);
}

However, when you get a type error, the compiler will usually give you a slightly more verbose name. If I make a mistake and say i32 instead of String, I’ll get this error message:

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