How to declare strings in Pascal
String is a built-in data type in Pascal used to store a sequence of characters. The declaration of String in Pascal is shown below:
_variableName_ : String = _stringBody_;
_variableName_: The variable name that identifies the variable._stringBody_: The body of the string which is a sequence of characters. The body of the string is enclosed in single quotes.
String length
The length of a string is the number of characters stored in it. The string length in Pascal is calculated as shown below:
length := byte(str[0]);
The code snippet above stores the string length of str in length.
Accessing characters of a string
To access a character of a string, use the [] operator, as shown below:
character = str[ind];
The code snippet above stores the character at the index ind in str in character.
Examples
Example 1
Consider the code snippet below, which demonstrates the declaration of string:
program stringExample1;varstr: String = 'Hello world';beginwriteln(str);end.
Example 2
Consider the code snippet below, which calculates the length of a string and prints its first and last character:
program stringExample2;varstr: String = 'Hello world';beginwriteln('String length = ', byte(str[0]));writeln('First character in str = ', str[1]);writeln('Last character in str = ', str[byte(str[0])]);end.
Explanation
byte(str[0]) is the number of characters in str. As str[ind] is used to print the character of str at index ind, str[1] will print the first index of str. str[byte(str[0])] prints the character at the last index, as byte(str[0]) is equal to the length of str.
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