**File systems** are processes that manage how and where data on a storage disk, such as HDD, are stored. It manages a disk's internal operations and explains how users or an application can access disk data.

The file system manages multiple operations, such as:
* file naming
* storage management
* directories/folders
* access rules
* etc. 

Without file systems, it would be difficult to identify, retrieve files, or manage authorizations for each individual file. 

> Each operating system has its own file system and may be tailor-made. 

# Logic
A file system is an index that manages data contained within the storage device and specifies conventions for file naming, including the characters, suffixes, etc.

It also shows the `path` to a specific file through the structure of directories. These directories are contained within a hierarchical tree structure. 

File systems also contain information like file size, its attributes, location, and hierarchy in the directory. Free blocks that inform the available space and where new files can be stored are also available.

Before files can be stored, partitions need to be created to allow for fault tolerance since a corrupted partition will not result in other partitions being corrupted.

# Types
There are several types of file systems available, but the most prevalent file systems are:

## File allocation table (FAT)
A file format supported within the windows OS. It was created in 1977 for sloppy disk, but later adapted for all hard disks. It is efficient and compatible with most systems but, unlike its other competitors, lacks performance and scalability.

## Global file system 2 (GFS)
A shared disk file system for Linux that offers access to shared block storage. It is an update of GFS and includes features such as an updated metadata system.

## Hierarchical file system (HFS)
It is deployed within MacOS and contains most of the features of modern file systems.

## New Technology File System(NTFS)
It is the current default for Windows, is an improvement over FAT, includes better metadata support, and is compatible with Linux. macOS also has read-only support for NTFS.

What are filesystems?

File systems are processes that manage how and where data on a storage disk, such as HDD, are stored. It manages a disk s internal operations and explains how users or an application can access disk data. The file system manages multiple operations, such as:  file naming storage management directories/folders access rules etc.  Without file systems, it would be difficult to identify, retrieve files, or manage authorizations for each individual file.  Each operating system has its own file system and may be tailor-made.  