**Mocha** is a feature-rich JavaScript test framework for Node.js.  
Mocha provides several built-in hooks that can be used to set up preconditions and clean up after your tests. The four most commonly used hooks are: `before()`, `after()`, `beforeEach()`, and `afterEach()`.

# Syntax

`before(name, fn)`
- **`name`**: Optional string for description
- **`fn`**: Function to run once before the first test case 

`after(name, fn)`
- **`name`**: Optional string for description
- **`fn`**: Function to run once after the last test case  

`beforeEach(name, fn)`
- **`name`**: Optional string for description
- **`fn`**: Function to run before each test case  

`afterEach(name, fn)`
- **`name`**: Optional string for description
- **`fn`**: Function to run after each test case

All hooks may also be sync or async.

> Mocha also provides **root hooks** that run before or after every test in every file. Read more about them [here](https://mochajs.org/#root-hook-plugins).

# Code


The hooks run in the order: 
1. all `before()` hooks run (once) 
2. any `beforeEach()` hooks or tests
3. any `afterEach()` hooks
4. `after()` hooks (once)

describe('hooks', function () {
  
  before('optional description', function () {
    // runs once before the first test in this block
  });

  after('optional description', function () {
    // runs once after the last test in this block
  });

  beforeEach('optional description', function () {
    // runs before each test in this block
  });

  afterEach('optional description', function () {
    // runs after each test in this block
  });

  // example test cases
  it('test case 1', function () {
    // ...
  });

  // Test case 2  
  it('test case 2', function () {
    // ...
  });
});


What are hooks in Mocha?

Syntax before(name, fn)  name: Optional string for description fn: Function to run once before the first test case  after(name, fn)  name: Optional string for description fn: Function to run once after the last test case  beforeEach(name, fn)  name: Optional string for description fn: Function to run before each test case  afterEach(name, fn)  name: Optional string for description fn: Function to run after each test case  All hooks may also be sync or async.  Mocha also provides root hooks that run before or after every test in every file. Read more about them here.  Code The hooks run in the order:  all before() hooks run (once) any beforeEach() hooks or tests any afterEach() hooks after() hooks (once)  