What are some common network topologies?

In the world of computer networks, the concept of network topology plays a crucial role in determining how devices are connected and how data flows between them.

What is a network topology?

A network topology is a blueprint that guides the layout of a computer network. It defines how devices are interconnected and how data is transmitted between them. Different network topologies have advantages and disadvantages, making them suitable for specific scenarios.

In this Answer, we will explore some common network topologies widely used in various environments.

Types of network topology

Bus topology

In a bus topology, devices are connected to a common communication pathway called a bus, where data is transmitted. It is simple to implement and cost-effective. However, its reliability can be compromised if the main cable encounters any issues.

Star topology

In a star topology, all the devices are linked to some center point, like a network switch or hub. It provides better performance and scalability, but its functionality depends on the central hub's performance.

Mesh topology

A Mesh topology features a fully interconnected network where each device is connected to all the other devices. It offers high reliability and fault tolerance. However, it comes at the cost of cabling and managing connections can be higher compared to other topologies.

Ring topology

In a ring topology, all the devices are connected like a loop, with data circulating in one direction. It ensures equal access and minimizes collisions, but a single device or cable failure can disrupt the entire network.

Tree topology

A tree topology has a hierarchical structure, resembling a tree, with a root node connected to multiple child nodes. It offers scalability and ease of management. However, a failure in the root node can affect the entire network.

Hybrid topology

A hybrid topology combines multiple topologies, such as star and mesh, to leverage their advantages. It provides flexibility, scalability, and improved fault tolerance. Nonetheless, it can be more complex to design and maintain.