What are some important git commands?
Checking if Git is installed
If you’re following along on a local set up (you don’t have to, but just in case you are), start by checking if Git exists on your system with the following command:
git --version
Setting up and starting a new Git repository
To mark a directory as a Git working directory, call the following command in that directory:
git config --global user.email "you@example.com"git config --global user.name "Your Name"git init
Git should be tracking any changes we make within this folder now. So let’s add a file to see if Git notices anything with:
git status
git inittouch index.htmlgit status
So Git noticed all of the files in the directory!
Also, note that each of our coding playgrounds is like an individual virtual machine, that gets created and destroyed upon execution which is why we have to initialize a repo each time! This is also why so many ‘random’ files already exist. Also, to make the console output less cluttered, pass the quiet flag like -q.
What is the staging area?
Staging is just a step that has to be done before the final commit. Imagine it to be a box that your changes are put into before they are committed.
Adding new files to the staging area
Add new files to the staging area with,
git add folder/that/contains/files
and a git status call on line 4 would show us all the changes to be committed.
git init -qtouch index.htmlgit add .git status
Committing the files
When we commit files, we submit it to be added to the main branch of code. Commit the files with:
git commmit -m "a message to commit with"
where the string after -m is a message that describes the commit. An example would be
git commmit -m "fixing the bug number 209"
git init -qtouch index.htmlgit add .git commit -m "Our first commit!"
Checking commit history
To print out git’s commit history, type:
git log
Output example:
__ed_create_user.sql
__ed_destroy_user.sql
__ed_javaRunner.sh
__ed_script.sh
__ed_sql_runner.sh
index.html main.sh output
commit 3094b0bcf3483de4955be7c4c15a0b65c3e765b3
Author: Your Name <you@example.com>
Date: Wed Jan 2 07:38:11 2019 +0000 Our first commit!
Where the first few lines represent files that were modified or added and the numbers after the commit field represent the hash value of the commit (a unique string that identifies the commit). The Author and Date fields contain information about the author, the time of commit, and the message the author sent with the commit.
git init -qtouch index.htmlgit add .git commit -m "Our first commit!" -qgit log
Reverting to a Previous Commit
To revert your working directory to any previous commit, type the command:
git checkout hashvalue
We can’t try reverting with hash values on our platform because a different one is generated for each time the code is run. So we’ll specify the syntax to revert to the previous state. Notice how even though index.html is removed on line 5, it is restored with git checkout.
git init -qtouch index.htmlgit add .git commit -m "Our first commit!" -qrm index.htmlgit checkout -- .ls
