**Namespaces** provide a way of declaring variables within a program that have similar names​.

It allows users to define functions with the same name as a function in a **pre-defined library** or **used-defined** functions within `main()`.

Namespaces can also be used to define classes, variable names, and functions. 



# Syntax
The following code shows how namespaces can be declared. 

* **`n_name`** is the name of the namespace
* **`foo`** is the function name

namespace n_name{
  //enter code here
  void foo()
  {
    cout << "This is a user-defined function"<<endl;
  }
}

Once the namespace is declared, the scope resolution operator (::) can be used to refer to variables within the namespace.

The following example shows how to refer to the function `foo` defined in the namespace `n_name` above.

# Code

The following code shows a complete example of how to declare the namespace and uses its functions within a program that contains similar functions.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

namespace n_name{// namespace declared
    int x= 100; // variable x within namespace
    void foo() // function foo within namespace
    {
      //prints the value of x defined within namespace
      cout<< "The value of x in namespace is: "<< x <<endl;
    }
  }

void foo(int x) //function declared
{
  //prints the value of x passed within parameters
  cout<< "The value of x in main is: " << x << endl;
}

int main() {
  // declare variable x 
  int x = 10;
  
  foo(x); //call function foo
  n_name:: foo(); //call function foo defined in namespace
  return 0;
}

You can also direct the program to use the assigned namespace as default by making use of the [using keyword](https://www.educative.io/answers/what-is-the-using-keyword-in-cpp).

What is a namespace?

Namespaces provide a way of declaring variables within a program that have similar names​. It allows users to define functions with the same name as a function in a pre-defined library or used-defined functions within main(). Namespaces can also be used to define classes, variable names, and functions. 