Understanding the Selenium Framework and Its Components

The Selenium framework consists of three core pillars: Selenium WebDriver, Selenium IDE, and Selenium Grid. In this chapter, we’ll only focus on the WebDriver protocol with JavaScript language binding and Grid.

Selenium WebDriver

With the release of Selenium 4, the latest release at the time of writing, the framework became fully W3C compliant. The richness of the WebDriver protocol enables developers to drive any possible action on a web application, running on all types of browsers.

Setting up

To start from the JavaScript code on, for example, an Edge browser, we add the following lines of code (for Firefox, simply replace edge in the following code with firefox):