Introduction to Math and Geometry

About the pattern

The Math and Geometry pattern focuses on coding problems involving mathematical concepts, geometric properties, and coordinate systems. These challenges often require analyzing numbers, points, lines, angles, and shapes in 2D or 3D space. A strong command of this pattern helps you tackle tasks related to distances, areas, and coordinate-based computations.

Some of the core topics under this pattern are listed below:

• Elementary number theory: This focuses on integer properties and relationships. For example:

  • Greatest common divisor (GCD): To calculate the GCD of two numbers $a$ and $b$, repeatedly apply $gcd(a,b)=gcd(b,a \mod b)$ until $b=0$. The final non-zero value of $a$ is the greatest common divisor. This method is known as Euclid’s algorithm.

  • Least common multiple (LCM): The LCM of two numbers can be calculated as: $lcm(a,b) = \dfrac{a \times b}{\gcd(a, b)}$.

• Advanced integer handling: This concept involves manipulating integers that may push the limits of standard integer data type, such as adding or multiplying ...