
Delve into .NET development with C#, covering programming fundamentals, object-oriented principles, exception handling, and multithreading. Gain hands-on experience to build cross-platform applications effectively.

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.NET is Microsoft’s free and open source framework for developing native software applications on Linux, macOS, and Windows. The power of cross-platform development allows developers to design, code, and run programs on a wide array of platforms.

This course is an introduction to developing .NET applications using C#. You’ll start start with a comprehensive review of C# and computer programming fundamentals: data types, conditionals, loops, methods, and more. You’ll then review the basics of object-oriented programming before diving into methods, exception handling, delegation, and events. With this foundation, you’ll continue building interfaces, collections, database operations, and multithreading. You’ll wrap up with process improvements using dynamic binding, garbage collection, and unmanaged resources.

By the end of this course, you’ll have hands-on experience with C# and .NET, and be ready to build applications using object-oriented programming principles on almost any platform.

Mastering C# and .NET

## Introduction

A generic can take any type parameter we provide. Sometimes, though, we may want to add some constraints.

Consider a set of classes: `Vehicle` (abstract base class), `Car`, `Truck` (both inherit from `Vehicle`), and the `Garage` class to hold our vehicles. Because there are two types of vehicles (`Car` and `Truck`), two types of garages are needed: one holds cars, and the other holds trucks.

Instead of creating two separate classes for each vehicle type, we create one generic `Garage` class:


```C#
public class Garage<T>
{
	public T[] Vehicles { get; private set; }

	public Garage(int garageSize)
	{
		Vehicles = new T[garageSize];
	}
}
```

It’s not quite finished:

```C#
// A garage that stores integers instead of vehicles???
var myStrangeGarage = new Garage<int>(20);
```

Our class doesn’t filter and accepts any type as a parameter. We should only be able to use classes that inherit from `Vehicle` because the garage stores vehicles.

To solve our issue, we can use constraints:


```C#
public class Garage<T> where T : Vehice
{
}
```

The `where T : Vehicle` statement after the class declaration says that `T` can only be a `Vehicle` or any class that derives from `Vehicle`. If we provide a class that doesn’t meet this requirement, our code won’t compile:

# Introduction

A generic can take any type parameter we provide. Sometimes, though, we may want to add some constraints.

Consider a set of classes: `Vehicle` (abstract base class), `Car`, `Truck` (both inherit from `Vehicle`), and the `Garage` class to hold our vehicles. Because there are two types of vehicles (`Car` and `Truck`), two types of garages are needed: one holds cars, and the other holds trucks.

Instead of creating two separate classes for each vehicle type, we create one generic `Garage` class:


```C#
public class Garage<T>
{
	public T[] Vehicles { get; private set; }

	public Garage(int garageSize)
	{
		Vehicles = new T[garageSize];
	}
}
```

It’s not quite finished:

```C#
// A garage that stores integers instead of vehicles???
var myStrangeGarage = new Garage<int>(20);
```

Our class doesn’t filter and accepts any type as a parameter. We should only be able to use classes that inherit from `Vehicle` because the garage stores vehicles.

To solve our issue, we can use constraints:


```C#
public class Garage<T> where T : Vehice
{
}
```

The `where T : Vehicle` statement after the class declaration says that `T` can only be a `Vehicle` or any class that derives from `Vehicle`. If we provide a class that doesn’t meet this requirement, our code won’t compile:

Understand possible constraints that can be applied to type parameters.

Getting Started

C# Programming Basics

Classes and OOP

Classes and OOP II

Exception Handling

First Assessment

Delegates and Events

Interfaces

Additional Features

Collections

LINQ

Working with Strings

Working with Dates and Time

Multithreading and Asynchronous Programming

Reflection

Dynamic Binding

Garbage Collection and Unmanaged Resources

Final Assessment

Next Steps

Appendix

Constraining the Type Parameters

Introduction