Gain insights into Python by exploring basic to advanced concepts, including loops, classes, and GUIs with Tkinter. Delve into testing and become a productive Python programmer.

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In this course, you will get a comprehensive overview of Python. You will start by laying the foundation and learning the introductory topics like operators, conditional statements, functions, loops, assignment statements, and more. You will then move onto more advanced topics such as classes and inheritance, iterators, list comprehensions, and dictionaries. Along with this, you will also get to explore the concept of testing and take a look at how GUI applications can be designed using Tkinter, Python's standard GUI library. 

By the time you're done, you'll be able to hit the ground running and be equipped with the tools that will allow you to be productive in Python.

Python 3: From Beginner to Advanced

## Introduction to numbers

There are several different kinds of numbers in Python. The following describes all of these:

  - A **decimal integer** consists of either the number **0** or a sequence of digits not beginning with **0**.
  - A **binary integer** consists of binary digits (0, 1), beginning with `0b` or `0B`.
  - An **octal integer** consists of a sequence of octal digits (0 to 7), beginning with `0o` or `0O`.
  - A **hexadecimal integer** consists of a sequence of hex digits (0 to 9 and a to f or A to F), beginning with `0x` or `0X`.
  - A **floating-point** (“real”) number includes a decimal point, an exponent suffix, or both. The exponent consists of an optional sign, the letter `e` or `E`, and one or more digits.
  - An **imaginary number** consists of a decimal integer or a floating-point number, and it is suffixed by `j` (_**not**_ `i`) or `J`. 
  - A **complex number** consists of the sum or difference of an integer or floating-point number and an imaginary number.

## Introduction to strings

Similar to numbers, a string can also be represented in various ways in Python. The following describes all of these:

A **string** is a sequence of zero or more characters, enclosed in single quotes (`'...'`), double quotes (`"..."`), triple single quotes (`'''...'''`), or triple double quotes (`"""..."""`). It can be treated as a sequence of characters.

**Triple-quoted strings** may extend across several lines, and include the line breaks as part of the string, unless the line break is immediately preceded by a backslash (`\`).

A **raw string** is a string prefixed with `r` or `R`. In a raw string, the backslash does not escape characters; all characters stand for themselves. This is especially useful when writing regular expressions.

**Regular expressions** in Python follow the POSIX standards and are usually written as raw strings. They will not be covered here.

The `eval(string)` evaluates `string` as a Python expression and returns the result. If you use this, be sure `string` does not contain malicious code.

### Formatting strings

There are three ways to format a string: **f-strings**, the `format` method, and the old-style `%` formatting. Generally, the f-string method is recommended.

#### Using f-strings

A formatted string, or **f-string**, is prefixed with `f` or `F`. In an f-string, any _expression_ surrounded by braces, `{}`, is replaced by its value. Here’s an example of this:

# Introduction to numbers

There are several different kinds of numbers in Python. The following describes all of these:

  - A **decimal integer** consists of either the number **0** or a sequence of digits not beginning with **0**.
  - A **binary integer** consists of binary digits (0, 1), beginning with `0b` or `0B`.
  - An **octal integer** consists of a sequence of octal digits (0 to 7), beginning with `0o` or `0O`.
  - A **hexadecimal integer** consists of a sequence of hex digits (0 to 9 and a to f or A to F), beginning with `0x` or `0X`.
  - A **floating-point** (“real”) number includes a decimal point, an exponent suffix, or both. The exponent consists of an optional sign, the letter `e` or `E`, and one or more digits.
  - An **imaginary number** consists of a decimal integer or a floating-point number, and it is suffixed by `j` (_**not**_ `i`) or `J`. 
  - A **complex number** consists of the sum or difference of an integer or floating-point number and an imaginary number.

# Introduction to strings

Similar to numbers, a string can also be represented in various ways in Python. The following describes all of these:

A **string** is a sequence of zero or more characters, enclosed in single quotes (`'...'`), double quotes (`"..."`), triple single quotes (`'''...'''`), or triple double quotes (`"""..."""`). It can be treated as a sequence of characters.

**Triple-quoted strings** may extend across several lines, and include the line breaks as part of the string, unless the line break is immediately preceded by a backslash (`\`).

A **raw string** is a string prefixed with `r` or `R`. In a raw string, the backslash does not escape characters; all characters stand for themselves. This is especially useful when writing regular expressions.

**Regular expressions** in Python follow the POSIX standards and are usually written as raw strings. They will not be covered here.

The `eval(string)` evaluates `string` as a Python expression and returns the result. If you use this, be sure `string` does not contain malicious code.

## Formatting strings

There are three ways to format a string: **f-strings**, the `format` method, and the old-style `%` formatting. Generally, the f-string method is recommended.

### Using f-strings

A formatted string, or **f-string**, is prefixed with `f` or `F`. In an f-string, any _expression_ surrounded by braces, `{}`, is replaced by its value. Here’s an example of this:

Learn about the different categories that fall under the numbers and strings section in Python. 

Numbers and Strings

Learn about the different categories that fall under the numbers and strings section in Python.

Introduction

The Absolute Bare Minimum

Better Tools

Classes

Getting Fancy

Testing

Graphical User Interfaces

Modules

Appendix

I Guess We're Doing Python Now Exam

Numbers and Strings

Introduction to numbers