Gain insights into Python by exploring basic to advanced concepts, including loops, classes, and GUIs with Tkinter. Delve into testing and become a productive Python programmer.

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In this course, you will get a comprehensive overview of Python. You will start by laying the foundation and learning the introductory topics like operators, conditional statements, functions, loops, assignment statements, and more. You will then move onto more advanced topics such as classes and inheritance, iterators, list comprehensions, and dictionaries. Along with this, you will also get to explore the concept of testing and take a look at how GUI applications can be designed using Tkinter, Python's standard GUI library. 

By the time you're done, you'll be able to hit the ground running and be equipped with the tools that will allow you to be productive in Python.

Python 3: From Beginner to Advanced

## Test framework advantages

Using proper **test framework** has a large number of advantages, including:

* The code is much more likely to be correct.
* The code typically takes less time to write, because debugging time is reduced.
* Functions written to be tested tend to be much smaller and single purpose.
* Functions written to be tested provide a clean separation between computation and I/O.
* The existence of a test suite makes it easier and safer to modify the code at some later date.

A good test framework allows the programmer to run the tests quickly, usually with a single button click, and see in a glance if there are any errors. Any tests that require more than this will be run in frequently, if at all, thus negating the value of having them.

## How to write testable code

In order to write testable code, the following things needs to be done:

* Write many small functions that each do one thing, rather than a few large functions that do a lot of things.
* Write the tests as you write the code, not afterwards. Many experts even recommend writing the tests *before* writing the code, because this helps clarify what the code is supposed to do.
    > It can be difficult or impossible to write tests for pre-existing or legacy code.
* Minimize the use of global variables and avoid them entirely if you can. Functions whose values depend only on their arguments are much easier to test in isolation.
* Strictly separate functions that do computation from computations that do input or output, and test only the former.
    > Functions that do I/O involve the programmer, so they prevent the use of single-click testing. While there are techniques for testing these functions, those are advanced techniques not covered here.

# Test framework advantages

Using proper **test framework** has a large number of advantages, including:

* The code is much more likely to be correct.
* The code typically takes less time to write, because debugging time is reduced.
* Functions written to be tested tend to be much smaller and single purpose.
* Functions written to be tested provide a clean separation between computation and I/O.
* The existence of a test suite makes it easier and safer to modify the code at some later date.

A good test framework allows the programmer to run the tests quickly, usually with a single button click, and see in a glance if there are any errors. Any tests that require more than this will be run in frequently, if at all, thus negating the value of having them.

# How to write testable code

In order to write testable code, the following things needs to be done:

* Write many small functions that each do one thing, rather than a few large functions that do a lot of things.
* Write the tests as you write the code, not afterwards. Many experts even recommend writing the tests *before* writing the code, because this helps clarify what the code is supposed to do.
    > It can be difficult or impossible to write tests for pre-existing or legacy code.
* Minimize the use of global variables and avoid them entirely if you can. Functions whose values depend only on their arguments are much easier to test in isolation.
* Strictly separate functions that do computation from computations that do input or output, and test only the former.
    > Functions that do I/O involve the programmer, so they prevent the use of single-click testing. While there are techniques for testing these functions, those are advanced techniques not covered here.

Learn about the philosophy of testing in Python. 

Introduction

The Absolute Bare Minimum

Better Tools

Classes

Getting Fancy

Testing

Graphical User Interfaces

Modules

Appendix

I Guess We're Doing Python Now Exam

Philosophy

Test framework advantages