What is a C++ struct?
C++ struct, short for C++ Structure, is an user-defined data type available in C++. It allows a user to combine data items of (possibly) different data types under a single name.
C++ structs are different from arrays because arrays only hold data of similar data-types; C++ struct, on the other hand, can store data of multiple data-types.
Each element in the structure is called a member.
Syntax
A structure is defined with the struct keyword. A structure is a possible collection of primary data types and other structures.
- The
structure_nameholds the name we want to give to our structure. data_type variableis the C++ variables of different data types likeint,char,float, etc.
struct structure_name{//data_type variable 1//data_type variable 2//data_type variable 3...};
Code
Defining a structure
The code below initializes the structure of Employee. It has three member variables:
name: An array ofchartype.age: A variable ofinttype.- **
salary**: A variable offloattype.
struct Employee{char name[50];int age;float salary;};
Initializing a structure
Structures can be assigned values when they are initialized.
Before initialization:
struct Employee{char name[50];int age;float salary;};int main() {struct Employee e1 = {"John", 32, 4200};//accessing the values in the variableprintf("Name: %s\n", e1.name);printf("Age : %d\n", e1.age);printf("Salary : %f\n", e1.salary);}
After initialization:
struct Employee{string name;int age;float salary;};int main() {struct Employee e1;e1.name = "Albert";e1.age = 32;e1.salary = 4200;//accessing the values in the variablecout<< "Name: " << e1.name <<endl;cout<< "Age : " << e1.age <<endl;cout<< "Salary : " << e1.salary <<endl;}
Accessing a Structure
Variables in a structure are accessed by:
struct Employee{int age;float salary;};int main() {struct Employee e1 = {32, 4200};//accessing the values in the variablecout<< "Age : " << e1.age << endl;cout<< "Salary : " << e1.salary << endl;}
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