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Solution Review: Printing C++

Explore how to print the C++ pattern by using loops and modular functions. Understand calling functions for different segments such as first and last lines, body, and middle to build efficient, reusable code.

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Printing C++

Write a program that prints C++:

C++ segments
C++ segments

Look at the tables for each function below: ##The printS1_FirstAndLast() table printS1_FirstAndLast() function will print the first and last horizontal lines of length x. We need to call this function two times to print the first and last lines of the C++ pattern.

printS1_FirstAndLast()

Dashes(-)

Spaces

Spaces

Dashes(-)

Spaces

Spaces

Spaces

Dashes(-)

x

x/4

x/2

1

x/2

x/4

x/2

1

The printS2_Body() table

The printS2_Body()function will print the vertical lines (body segment) of the C++ pattern. We need to call this function x times.

printS2_Body()

Dashes(-)

Spaces

Spaces

Spaces

Dashes(-)

Spaces

Spaces

Spaces

Dashes(-)

1

x-1

x/4

x/2

1

x/2

x/4

x/2

1

TheprintS3_Middle() table

The printS3_Middle() function will print the middle segment of the C++ pattern.

printS3_Middle()

Dashes(-)

Spaces

Spaces

Dashes(-)

Dashes(-)

Dashes(-)

Spaces

Dashes(-)

Dashes(-)

Dashes(-)

1

x-1

x/4

x/2

1

x/2

x/4

x/2

1

x/2

We have called all three functions in PrintCPP().

C++
void PrintCPP(int x)
{
    printS1_FirstAndLast(x); // First line of 
    
    for(int i=1; i<=x; i++)
        printS2_Body(x);        // Vertical lines 
    printS3_Middle(x);     // Middle horizontal line
    for(int i=1; i<=x; i++)
        printS2_Body(x);        // Vertical lines 
    printS1_FirstAndLast(x); // Last line 
}

Solution

Let’s take a look at the solution.

C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void printASymbolKTimes(char s, int k)
{
    for(int t=1; t<=k; t++)
        cout << s;
}
void printS1_FirstAndLast(int x)
{
    printASymbolKTimes('-', x);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/4);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/2);
    cout << "-";
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/2);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/4);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/2);
    cout << "-";
    cout << endl;
}
void printS2_Body(int x)
{
    cout << "-";
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x-1);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/4);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/2);
    cout << "-";
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/2);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/4);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/2);
    cout << "-";
    cout<<endl;
}
void printS3_Middle(int x)
{
    cout << "-";
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x-1);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/4);
    printASymbolKTimes('-', x/2);
    printASymbolKTimes('-', 1);
    printASymbolKTimes('-', x/2);
    printASymbolKTimes(' ', x/4);
    printASymbolKTimes('-', x/2);
    printASymbolKTimes('-', 1);
    printASymbolKTimes('-', x/2);
    cout << endl;
    
}
void PrintCPP(int x)
{
    printS1_FirstAndLast(x);  // printing the 1st segment
    for(int i=1; i<=x; i++)   // printing the 2st segment
        printS2_Body(x);
    printS3_Middle(x);        // printing the middle segment line
    for(int i=1; i<=x; i++)  // printing the 2nd segment again
        printS2_Body(x);
    printS1_FirstAndLast(x);  // printing the 1st segment
}
int main()
{
    PrintCPP(10);
    return 0;
}