Discover fundamental deep learning concepts, master coding models using NumPy and Keras, and test your knowledge with quizzes and coding challenges. Gain insights into effective deep learning techniques.

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keras python - using models

This beginner level and highly comprehensive course is intended for learners who are familiar with Python programming. You will become familiar with the fundamental concepts and terminologies used in deep learning. In addition, this course will help you understand the importance of deep learning techniques. You will examine simple models like perceptron before learning more complex yet powerful deep learning models. The course will provide hands-on practical knowledge of how to code simple and complex deep learning models in NumPy, a powerful Python library and Keras, a cutting-edge library for deep learning in Python. You can test your knowledge with the quizzes that are provided at the end of every lesson and coding challenges that will help you gain a higher understanding. By the end of the course, you should have a general understanding of the basics in deep learning and you will be equipped with the right tools to learn more advanced concepts.

A Beginner's Guide to Deep Learning

# Problem statement
We have learned that the XOR operator cannot be separated by a line. Therefore, a multilayer perceptron should be used.
The following functions implementation is provided below:
- `forward_propagation` function
- `backpropagation` function
- `update_parameters` function
- `calculate_error` function

A `train` function receives the weights, the bias at the two layers respectively, and the losses array. Implement the `train` function using the batch update and return the updated value of parameters. Also, calculate the error in each epoch and store the losses array passed as an argument to the train function.

# Sample input
The `train` function takes the input `X`, labels `Y`, weights of the two layers `w1` and `w2`, the bias of the two layers `b1` and `b2`, `learning_rate`,  `num_iterations`, and the `losses` array to compute the loss in each epoch.

```Python
X = np.array([[0, 0, 1, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1]]) # input array
Y = np.array([[0, 1, 1, 0]]) # output label
n_h = 2 # number of neurons in the hidden layer
n_x = X.shape[0] # number of neurons in the input layer
n_y = Y.shape[0] # number of neurons in the output layer
W1 = np.random.randn(n_h, n_x) # weights from the input layer
b1 = np.zeros((n_h, 1)) # bias in the hidden layer
W2 = np.random.randn(n_y, n_h) # weights from the hidden layer
b2 = np.zeros((n_y, 1)) # bias in the output layer

num_iterations = 100000
learning_rate = 0.01
losses = np.zeros((num_iterations, 1))
```

# Sample output
The updated weights of `W1` and `W2` and the bias at the two layers `b1` and `b2` along with the `loss` value in each epoch.
```Python
W1:
[[5.65443604 5.65156882]
 [7.49953724 7.48402719]]
b1:
 [[-8.64595499]
 [-3.43532706]]
W2:
 [[-13.81590639  13.0105674 ]]
b2:
 [[-6.09446339]]
loss:
 [[2.82611902]
 [2.82434768]
 [2.82263898]
 ...
 [0.01063611]
 [0.01063599]
 [0.01063587]]
```

# Coding exercise
Write your code below. It is recommended​ to solve the exercise before viewing the solution.

> **Note:** There is a `train` function given in the code for testing purposes. Do not modify the function signature.



Good luck!🤞



This challenge requires you to implement the XOR neural network.

✨Before We Begin

✨Introduction to Deep Learning

✨Simple Perceptron Models in NumPY

✨Towards Deep Neural Networks in NumPY

🖥️ Project: Build a Letter Classification Model

Deep Learning in NumPy Exam

✨Building Deep Learning Models with Keras

✨Fine-tune Keras Model

🖥️ Project: Build a Digit Recognition Model

✨Conclusion

Deep Learning in Keras Exam

🍀 Challenge: Train the XOR Multilayer Perceptron

Problem statement