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Chain of Responsibility Pattern

Chain of Responsibility Pattern

This lesson discusses the chain of responsibility pattern in detail with the aid of a coding example.

What is the chain of responsibility pattern?

The chain of responsibility pattern allows a request sent by a client to be received by more than one object. It creates a chain of loosely-coupled objects that, upon receiving the request, either handle it or pass it to the next handler object.

A common example of this pattern is event bubbling in DOM. An event propagates through different nested elements of the DOM until one of them handles it.

Example #

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class HandlerChain
{
setNextObj(nextObjInChain){}
processMultiple(req){
console.log("No multiple for: " + req.getMultiple());
}
}
class Multiple
{
constructor(multiple){
this.multiple = multiple;
}
getMultiple(){
return this.multiple;
}
}
class MultipleofTwoHandler extends HandlerChain
{
constructor(){
super()
this.nextObjInChain = new HandlerChain()
}
setNextObj(nextObj){
this.nextObjInChain = nextObj;
}
processMultiple(req) {
if ((req.getMultiple() % 2) == 0) {
console.log("Multiple of 2: " + req.getMultiple());
}else{
this.nextObjInChain.processMultiple(req);
}
}
}
class MultipleofThreeHandler extends HandlerChain
{
constructor(){
super()
this.nextObjInChain = new HandlerChain()
}
setNextObj(nextObj){
this.nextObjInChain = nextObj;
}
processMultiple(req)
{
if ((req.getMultiple() % 3) == 0) {
console.log("Multiple of 3: " + req.getMultiple());
}else{
this.nextObjInChain.processMultiple(req);
}
}
}
class MultipleofFiveHandler extends HandlerChain
{
constructor(){
super()
this.nextObjInChain = new HandlerChain()
}
setNextObj(nextObj){
this.nextObjInChain = nextObj;
}
processMultiple(req) {
if ((req.getMultiple() % 5) == 0) {
console.log("Multiple of 5: " + req.getMultiple());
}else{
this.nextObjInChain.processMultiple(req);
}
}
}
//configuring the chain of handler objects
var c1 = new MultipleofTwoHandler();
var c2 = new MultipleofThreeHandler();
var c3 = new MultipleofFiveHandler();
c1.setNextObj(c2);
c2.setNextObj(c3);
//the chain handling different cases
c1.processMultiple(new Multiple(95));
c1.processMultiple(new Multiple(50));
c1.processMultiple(new Multiple(9));
c1.processMultiple(new Multiple(4));
c1.processMultiple(new Multiple(21));
c1.processMultiple(new Multiple(23));

Explanation

The example above implements the chain of responsibility pattern to check if a given number is a multiple of two, three, or five. ...