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All LessonsFree Lessons (5)

Introduction to C Programming

Getting Started with C Virtues and Challenges When Should I Use C?The Bottom Line

Data Types in C

First Steps Variables Data Types and Sizes Declarations Constants Statements and Scope Quiz on Basic Types and Statements

C Operators and C Expressions

Building Expressions Using Operators Type Conversions Defining Your Own Type Names Other Convenient Operators Exercises on Operators and Expression Quiz on Operators and Expressions

Control Flow in C

The for Loop Other Types of Loops in C Conditionals The break and continue Statements A switch Statement Exercises on Control Flow Quiz on Control Flow

Functions in C

Defining a Function

Input Arguments

Returning Values

Argument Checking

Automatic vs Static Variables

Variadic Functions

Exercises on Functions

Quiz on Functions

Complex Data Types

Arrays Writing to Arrays Multidimensional Arrays Variable-Length Arrays Command-line Arguments Structures Exercises on Complex Data Types Quiz on Complex Data Types

Stack vs. Heap

The Stack The Heap Code Examples Stack vs Heap Quiz on Stack and Heap Memories

Pointers in C

Pointers Pointers and Arrays Passing Pointers to Struct Passing Pointers to Functions Dynamically Allocated Memory Exercise on Pointers Quiz on Pointers

C string

Strings String Handling Using the C Standard Library Arrays of Strings Exercise on Strings Quiz on Strings

Input and Output Stream

I/O Streams Input and Output with Files Binary Files (raw bytes)Random Access Exercise on Input and Output Quiz on Input and Output

Macros and the C Preprocessor

The C Preprocessor and #define Directives Macros with Arguments Conditional Compilation Quiz on Macros and the C Preprocessor

Header Files, Compiling and Linking

Splitting a Program into Multiple Files The GNU make Utility and Makefiles Quiz on Header files, Compiling and Linking

C Debugger

The GNU Project Debugger (GDB)Breakpoint Gotchas Tricky Code Quiz on Debugging

Code Profiling

Profiling of Code Using gprof Known Slugs Using the Compiler Optimizer Flags

Parallel Programming in C

Why Parallel Programming?Kinds of Parallel Programming POSIX Threads OpenMP Message Passing Interface (MPI)Quiz on Parallel Programming in C

Mini Project

Project: Using a Bootstrapped t-test

Conclusion

Concluding Thoughts

Miscellaneous

Some Useful C Libraries

Appendix: Setting Up the Environment

Install Some Basic Tool Test Your Environment

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Defining a Function

Defining a Function

Learn the syntax for defining a function.

We'll cover the following...

Structure of a function
- A first example
Function prototype

Structure of a function

A function is defined in the following way:

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returnType functionName (param1Type param1Name, param2Type param2Name) {
   function_statement1;
   function_statement2;
   return returnVar;
}

This seems rather abstract, but we will see a concrete example in a moment. Here’s a breakdown:

Return type: On the first line, we have to begin by declaring what data type

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