Gain insights into Python by leveraging your PowerShell knowledge. Delve into syntax, semantics, and core concepts of Python, making learning efficient through associative learning techniques.

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PowerShell is a go-to scripting language for almost ANYTHING! Now, if you’re hoping to learn Python, then you’re in the right place. As you start this course, you’ll begin to notice that there are a lot of patterns and concepts shared between the two languages. 

Thus during this course, you will easily be able to relate new Python concepts to the concepts you already know in PowerShell, a learning style called Associative Learning. 

This PowerShell Scripting guide to Python is designed to make you familiar with syntax, semantics, and core concepts of the Python language. And by using concepts you already know in PowerShell, you’ll be able to learn Python fast and effectively in a way that sticks with you for a longer period of time.

Learning Python through PowerShell Concepts



## Handling XML and JSON Data

XML has been the go-to format and the only choice of programmers for open data interchange for a long time. Yet over recent years, JSON has also gained some popularity due to its lightweight nature and faster parsing. Regardless of these differences, they both have been adopted by all major programming languages of the world. In this chapter, we are going to dig deeper into how to read/parse, build XML and JSON formats, and will try to understand how serialization and deserialization work with these two formats.
## Difference between JSON and XML

Generally speaking, JSON is a lightweight cousin of XML and there is no clear superiority of one format against the other.  Our final choice should depend on what we need and our individual use case.

**XML** stands for **Extensible Markup Language**, which is an open-source language that is heavily used by programmers worldwide to store, persist, and transport structured data so that it can be read by other programs and softwares independent of the underlying operating system. This is because XML data can be stored in a text file and can be shared or exchanged on any operating system. It is extremely useful to store a small amount of data in a simple, human-/machine-readable structured format, which would otherwise require a SQL database.


XML Example:

```XML
<employees>
  <employee>
    <first>Prateek</first>
    <last>Singh</last>
  </employee>
  <employee>
    <first>Peter</first>
    <last>Parker</last>
  </employee>
</employees>
```

**JSON** stands for **JavaScript Object Notation**, which is a simple, text-oriented format to store data and exchange information between programs, browsers(client), and servers. It has slowly become one of the most popular and prefered data exchange formats compared to XML in various use cases and is now supported by most modern programming languages.


JSON Example:

```JSON
{"employees":[
  { "first":"Prateek", "last":"Singh" },
  { "first":"Peter", "last":"Parker" },
]}
```

|JSON|XML|
|--|--|
|Stands for JavaScript Object Notation|Stands for eXtensible Markup Language|
|Data oriented|Document oriented|
|Simple to read and write|Less simple than JSON|
|Less verbose, lightweight, and faster to parse|Heavier than JSON|
|No support to display the content|Capability to display data and stylesheet transformations (XSLT)|
|Supports array|XML doesn't support array|

## Reading XML from a file

PowerShell has access to the `.Net` class `System.Xml.XmlDocument`, which can be used to load an XML document and parse its content. All we have to do is instantiate this class using the `New-Object` cmdlet, then use the `Load()` method to load an XML file by passing a valid file path. Once the file is loaded, it will parse the XML document and convert it to PowerShell objects. In our example, we have the following XML sample saved as a `test.xml` file. This stores the employee data like `ID`, `first`, and `last` name into a structured format in child tags/nodes like `<id>..</id>`, `<first>..</first>` and under parent tags or nodes like `<employee>..</employee>`.

```XML
<data>  
    <employee>
        <id>101</id>
        <first>Prateek</first>
        <last>Singh</last>
    </employee>
    <employee>
        <id>102</id>
        <first>Bob</first>
        <last>Francis</last>
    </employee>
</data>
```

```PowerShell
$xmldoc = New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument
$xmldoc.Load('C:\Temp\test.xml')  #Path to XML file
$xmldoc.data.employee
```


Alternatively, we can also get the content of the XML file using the `Get-Content` cmdlet and then cast it to a `[XML]` PowerShell type accelerator, which is a shorthand for class `System.Xml.XmlDocument`.








# Handling XML and JSON Data

XML has been the go-to format and the only choice of programmers for open data interchange for a long time. Yet over recent years, JSON has also gained some popularity due to its lightweight nature and faster parsing. Regardless of these differences, they both have been adopted by all major programming languages of the world. In this chapter, we are going to dig deeper into how to read/parse, build XML and JSON formats, and will try to understand how serialization and deserialization work with these two formats.
# Difference between JSON and XML

Generally speaking, JSON is a lightweight cousin of XML and there is no clear superiority of one format against the other.  Our final choice should depend on what we need and our individual use case.

**XML** stands for **Extensible Markup Language**, which is an open-source language that is heavily used by programmers worldwide to store, persist, and transport structured data so that it can be read by other programs and softwares independent of the underlying operating system. This is because XML data can be stored in a text file and can be shared or exchanged on any operating system. It is extremely useful to store a small amount of data in a simple, human-/machine-readable structured format, which would otherwise require a SQL database.


XML Example:

```XML
<employees>
  <employee>
    <first>Prateek</first>
    <last>Singh</last>
  </employee>
  <employee>
    <first>Peter</first>
    <last>Parker</last>
  </employee>
</employees>
```

**JSON** stands for **JavaScript Object Notation**, which is a simple, text-oriented format to store data and exchange information between programs, browsers(client), and servers. It has slowly become one of the most popular and prefered data exchange formats compared to XML in various use cases and is now supported by most modern programming languages.


JSON Example:

```JSON
{"employees":[
  { "first":"Prateek", "last":"Singh" },
  { "first":"Peter", "last":"Parker" },
]}
```

|JSON|XML|
|--|--|
|Stands for JavaScript Object Notation|Stands for eXtensible Markup Language|
|Data oriented|Document oriented|
|Simple to read and write|Less simple than JSON|
|Less verbose, lightweight, and faster to parse|Heavier than JSON|
|No support to display the content|Capability to display data and stylesheet transformations (XSLT)|
|Supports array|XML doesn't support array|

# Reading XML from a file

PowerShell has access to the `.Net` class `System.Xml.XmlDocument`, which can be used to load an XML document and parse its content. All we have to do is instantiate this class using the `New-Object` cmdlet, then use the `Load()` method to load an XML file by passing a valid file path. Once the file is loaded, it will parse the XML document and convert it to PowerShell objects. In our example, we have the following XML sample saved as a `test.xml` file. This stores the employee data like `ID`, `first`, and `last` name into a structured format in child tags/nodes like `<id>..</id>`, `<first>..</first>` and under parent tags or nodes like `<employee>..</employee>`.

```XML
<data>  
    <employee>
        <id>101</id>
        <first>Prateek</first>
        <last>Singh</last>
    </employee>
    <employee>
        <id>102</id>
        <first>Bob</first>
        <last>Francis</last>
    </employee>
</data>
```

```PowerShell
$xmldoc = New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument
$xmldoc.Load('C:\Temp\test.xml')  #Path to XML file
$xmldoc.data.employee
```


Alternatively, we can also get the content of the XML file using the `Get-Content` cmdlet and then cast it to a `[XML]` PowerShell type accelerator, which is a shorthand for class `System.Xml.XmlDocument`.






Let's start to learn important data formats, i.e., JSON and XML.

Introduction

Basics

Object Introspection

Data Types and Its Manipulation

Data Structures

Conditional Statements

Loops

Functions

Handling Json, Xml, and Csv

Error Handling and Builtin Functions

Builtin Functions

Appendix

Conclusion

JSON and XML

Handling XML and JSON Data

Difference between JSON and XML