Explore OOP in C++ to write cleaner, modular, and scalable code. Learn classes in C++, data hiding, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism in C++.

Become  a C++ Programmer

This module aims to teach us how to write cleaner, more modular, and scalable code in C++ by providing an understanding of OOP in C++. We'll start with the basics of object-oriented programming and build up to advanced concepts such as inheritance, data hiding, and polymorphism. Along the way, we'll explore how each concept applies to C++ and how various C++ features facilitate OOP.

Object-Oriented Programming in C++

## Problem Statement 

The code below has:
* A **parent** *class* named `Animal`. 
  * Inside it *define*: 
    * `Name`  
    * `Sound` 
    * `void Animal_Details()` function:
      *  It prints the name and sound of the `Animal`.
   

* Then  there are **two** **derived** *classes* 
  * `Dog` class  
     * has a *private* member `family`
     * has a function named `Dog_detail()` which prints detail of the dog
  * `Sheep` class 
     * has a *private* member `color`
     * has a function named `Sheep_detail()` which prints detail of the Sheep


* The **derived classes** should 
  * call the method of the `Animal` class which prints the `name` and the `sound` and for `Dog` class prints the *family* of dog that is **Carnivores** and for `Sheep` class prints the *color* of sheep **White**.

### Input 
* `Name` of `Dog` is set to **Pongo** and the `Sound` is set to **woof woof** in parametrized constructor of `Dog` object
* `Name` of `Sheep` is set to **Billy** and the `Sound` is set to **baaa baaa** in parametrized constructor of `Sheep` object
* Now, print `Dog_detail` and `Sheep_detail` from their respective objects


Here's a sample result which you should get.

### Sample Input 
```C++
Dog d("Pongo", "Woof Woof");
d.Dog_detail();
Sheep s("Billy", "Baaa Baaa");
s.Sheep_detail();
```

### Sample Output

# Problem Statement 

The code below has:
* A **parent** *class* named `Animal`. 
  * Inside it *define*: 
    * `Name`  
    * `Sound` 
    * `void Animal_Details()` function:
      *  It prints the name and sound of the `Animal`.
   

* Then  there are **two** **derived** *classes* 
  * `Dog` class  
     * has a *private* member `family`
     * has a function named `Dog_detail()` which prints detail of the dog
  * `Sheep` class 
     * has a *private* member `color`
     * has a function named `Sheep_detail()` which prints detail of the Sheep


* The **derived classes** should 
  * call the method of the `Animal` class which prints the `name` and the `sound` and for `Dog` class prints the *family* of dog that is **Carnivores** and for `Sheep` class prints the *color* of sheep **White**.

## Input 
* `Name` of `Dog` is set to **Pongo** and the `Sound` is set to **woof woof** in parametrized constructor of `Dog` object
* `Name` of `Sheep` is set to **Billy** and the `Sound` is set to **baaa baaa** in parametrized constructor of `Sheep` object
* Now, print `Dog_detail` and `Sheep_detail` from their respective objects


Here's a sample result which you should get.

## Sample Input 
```C++
Dog d("Pongo", "Woof Woof");
d.Dog_detail();
Sheep s("Billy", "Baaa Baaa");
s.Sheep_detail();
```

## Sample Output

In this challenge, we'll implement a base class Animal and two derived classes Sheep and Dog. 

Introduction

Classes

Data Hiding

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Conclusion

Challenge 2: Implement an Animal Class

Problem Statement