Format Specifier
Since we're tackling text, it would be appropriate to have tools which can help us format our data.
We'll cover the following...
Format specifiers enable us to adjust the input and output data explicitly.
ℹ️ We use manipulators as format specifiers
The format specifiers are available as manipulators and flags. We only present manipulators in this course because their functionality is quite similar and manipulators are more comfortable to use.
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#include <iostream>int main(){std::cout << std::endl;int num{2011};std::cout << num << "\n\n";std::cout.setf(std::ios::hex, std::ios::basefield);std::cout << num << std::endl;std::cout.setf(std::ios::dec, std::ios::basefield);std::cout << num << std::endl;std::cout << std::endl;std::cout << std::hex << num << std::endl;std::cout << std::dec << num << std::endl;std::cout << std::endl;}
The following tables present the important format specifiers. They are sticky except for the field width, which is reset after each application.
The manipulators without any arguments require the header <iostream>, and the manipulators with arguments require the header <iomanip>.
| Manipulator | Stream type | Description |
|---|---|---|
std::boolalpha |
input and output | Displays the boolean as a word. |
std::noboolalpha |
input and output | Displays the |