Gain insights into fundamental database concepts, relational databases, and entity-relationship diagrams. Learn about normalization techniques and basics of SQL to enhance database efficiency.

Databases are universal - they underlie the technology you use every day. They're a crucial component of everything from telecommunications systems, banking systems, and video games to just about any other software system that maintains some amount of persistent data.

In this course, you'll learn about the fundamental concepts of databases, why and when they're used, what relational databases are, and entity-relationship diagrams. You will also be exposed to techniques like normalization that help to increase the efficiency of databases. You'll wrap up with a look at the basics of Structured Query Language (SQL). 

After completing this course, you will be able to move onto more advanced courses involving database systems and SQL.

Database Design Fundamentals for Software Engineers

## Before the advent of database systems

The way computers manage data has come a long way over the last few decades. Today’s users take for granted the many benefits found in a database system. However, it wasn’t that long ago that computers relied on a much less elegant and costly approach to data management called the file-based system.

## The File-based system

One way to keep information on a computer is to store it in permanent files. A company system has several application programs; each of them is designed to manipulate data files. These application programs have been written at the request of the users in the organization. The system just described is called the **file-based system**.

Consider the example of a university management system that uses the file-based system to manage the organization’s data shown in the figure below:

# Before the advent of database systems

The way computers manage data has come a long way over the last few decades. Today’s users take for granted the many benefits found in a database system. However, it wasn’t that long ago that computers relied on a much less elegant and costly approach to data management called the file-based system.

# The File-based system

One way to keep information on a computer is to store it in permanent files. A company system has several application programs; each of them is designed to manipulate data files. These application programs have been written at the request of the users in the organization. The system just described is called the **file-based system**.

Consider the example of a university management system that uses the file-based system to manage the organization’s data shown in the figure below:

In this lesson we will discuss the history of databases and the system used before its inception.

Introduction

Fundamental Concepts

Data Modeling

Entity-Relationship Data Model

The Relational Data Model

Functional Dependencies

Normalization

Structured Query Language

Conclusion

Before the Advent of Databases

Before the advent of database systems