Gain insights into fundamental database concepts, relational databases, and entity-relationship diagrams. Learn about normalization techniques and basics of SQL to enhance database efficiency.

Databases are universal - they underlie the technology you use every day. They're a crucial component of everything from telecommunications systems, banking systems, and video games to just about any other software system that maintains some amount of persistent data.

In this course, you'll learn about the fundamental concepts of databases, why and when they're used, what relational databases are, and entity-relationship diagrams. You will also be exposed to techniques like normalization that help to increase the efficiency of databases. You'll wrap up with a look at the basics of Structured Query Language (SQL). 

After completing this course, you will be able to move onto more advanced courses involving database systems and SQL.

Database Design Fundamentals for Software Engineers

Axiom of Augmentation (partial dependency)

Axiom of Transitivity (transitive dependnecy)

Which axiom states that every non-key attribute must be fully dependent on the whole composite primary key?

<p>Which axiom states that every non-key attribute must be fully dependent on the whole composite primary key?</p>


Customer_Id $\rightarrow$ Product_Name is a partial dependency

Product_Id $\rightarrow$ Product_Name is a partial dependency

Customer_Id $\rightarrow$ Product_Name is a transitive dependency

Product_Id $\rightarrow$ Product_Name is a transitive dependency

Can you identify the dependency in the following table?

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Customer_Id</u></th>
    <th><u>Product_Id</u></th> 
    <th>Product_Name</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>102 </td>
    <td>145 </td>
    <td>TV</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>232</td>
    <td>120</td>
    <td>Lights</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>304</td>
    <td>406</td>
    <td>Chair</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>389</td>
    <td>145</td>
    <td>TV</td>
  </tr>
  
   <tr>
    <td>389</td>
    <td>321</td>
    <td>DVD player</td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>




<p>Can you identify the dependency in the following table?</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Customer_Id</u></th>
    <th><u>Product_Id</u></th> 
    <th>Product_Name</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>102 </td>
    <td>145 </td>
    <td>TV</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>232</td>
    <td>120</td>
    <td>Lights</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>304</td>
    <td>406</td>
    <td>Chair</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>389</td>
    <td>145</td>
    <td>TV</td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>389</td>
    <td>321</td>
    <td>DVD player</td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>


Course_Id $\rightarrow$ Course_Name is a partial dependency

Student_Id $\rightarrow$ Course_Name is a partial dependency

Student_Id $\rightarrow$ Course_Name is a transitive dependency

Course_Id $\rightarrow$ Course_Name is a transitive dependency

Can you identify the dependency in the following table?

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Student_Id</u></th>
    <th><u>Course_Id</u></th> 
    <th>Course_Name</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1 </td>
    <td>CS-100 </td>
    <td>Intro to programming</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td>CS-300</td>
    <td>Advanced programming</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>CS-100</td>
    <td>Intro to programming</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>4</td>
    <td>CS-230</td>
    <td>Into to A.I.</td>
  </tr>
  
   <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>MATH-101</td>
    <td>Calculus 1</td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

<p>Can you identify the dependency in the following table?</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Student_Id</u></th>
    <th><u>Course_Id</u></th> 
    <th>Course_Name</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1 </td>
    <td>CS-100 </td>
    <td>Intro to programming</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td>CS-300</td>
    <td>Advanced programming</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>CS-100</td>
    <td>Intro to programming</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>4</td>
    <td>CS-230</td>
    <td>Into to A.I.</td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>MATH-101</td>
    <td>Calculus 1</td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Book $\rightarrow$ Author_Name is a partial dependency

Author_Name $\rightarrow$ Book is a transitive dependency

Author_Name $\rightarrow$ Author_Age is a transitive dependency

Author_Name $\rightarrow$ Author_Age is a partial dependency

Can you identify the dependency in the following table?

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Book</u></th>
    <th>Author_Name</th> 
    <th>Author_Age</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Game of Thrones	</td>
    <td>George R. R. Martin</td>
    <td>66</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Harry Potter</td>
    <td>J. K. Rowling	</td>
    <td>49</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Dying of the Light</td>
    <td>George R. R. Martin	</td>
    <td>66</td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

<p>Can you identify the dependency in the following table?</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Book</u></th>
    <th>Author_Name</th> 
    <th>Author_Age</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Game of Thrones	</td>
    <td>George R. R. Martin</td>
    <td>66</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Harry Potter</td>
    <td>J. K. Rowling	</td>
    <td>49</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Dying of the Light</td>
    <td>George R. R. Martin	</td>
    <td>66</td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

---

This brings us to the end of this chapter. By now you should be familiar with the rules and types of dependencies, as well as the representation of dependencies in our database schemas.

In the next chapter, we will see how functional dependencies are removed through normalization.

Introduction

Fundamental Concepts

Data Modeling

Entity-Relationship Data Model

The Relational Data Model

Functional Dependencies

Normalization

Structured Query Language

Conclusion

Quiz!