Gain insights into fundamental database concepts, relational databases, and entity-relationship diagrams. Learn about normalization techniques and basics of SQL to enhance database efficiency.

Databases are universal - they underlie the technology you use every day. They're a crucial component of everything from telecommunications systems, banking systems, and video games to just about any other software system that maintains some amount of persistent data.

In this course, you'll learn about the fundamental concepts of databases, why and when they're used, what relational databases are, and entity-relationship diagrams. You will also be exposed to techniques like normalization that help to increase the efficiency of databases. You'll wrap up with a look at the basics of Structured Query Language (SQL). 

After completing this course, you will be able to move onto more advanced courses involving database systems and SQL.

Database Design Fundamentals for Software Engineers

The values of a column are of the same data-type.

Which of the following is NOT a property of tables?

<p>Which of the following is NOT a property of tables?</p>


We can arbitrarily choose any super key to be the candidate key.

What is the difference between a super key and a candidate key?

<p>What is the difference between a super key and a candidate key?</p>


Which of the following constraints is being violated in the table below?


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Customer_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Item_Ordered</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1 </td>
    <td>Brandon </td>
    <td>Shoes   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td>Don</td>
    <td>Shirts</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>Jeff</td>
    <td>Laptop</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>4</td>
    <td>Jack</td>
    <td>Smartphone</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>Jeff</td>
    <td>TV</td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>


<p>Which of the following constraints is being violated in the table below?</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Customer_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Item_Ordered</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1 </td>
    <td>Brandon </td>
    <td>Shoes   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td>Don</td>
    <td>Shirts</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>Jeff</td>
    <td>Laptop</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>4</td>
    <td>Jack</td>
    <td>Smartphone</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>Jeff</td>
    <td>TV</td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>


Which of the following constraints is being violated in the tables below?

Customer Table

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Customer_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Order_Id</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1 </td>
    <td>Brandon </td>
    <td>102  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td>Don</td>
    <td>234</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>Jeff</td>
    <td>867</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>4</td>
    <td>Jack</td>
    <td>420</td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>


<br></br>


Order Table

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Order_Id</u></th>
    <th>Item_Name</th> 
    <th>Item_Category</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>102 </td>
    <td>Shoes </td>
    <td>Clothing  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>234</td>
    <td>Shoes</td>
    <td>Clothing</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>420</td>
    <td>Laptop</td>
    <td>Electronics</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>390</td>
    <td>TV</td>
    <td>Electronics</td>
  </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>111</td>
    <td>Smartphones</td>
    <td>Electronics</td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>




<p>Which of the following constraints is being violated in the tables below?</p>
<p>Customer Table</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Customer_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Order_Id</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1 </td>
    <td>Brandon </td>
    <td>102  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td>Don</td>
    <td>234</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3</td>
    <td>Jeff</td>
    <td>867</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>4</td>
    <td>Jack</td>
    <td>420</td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
<p><br></br></p>
<p>Order Table</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Order_Id</u></th>
    <th>Item_Name</th> 
    <th>Item_Category</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>102 </td>
    <td>Shoes </td>
    <td>Clothing  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>234</td>
    <td>Shoes</td>
    <td>Clothing</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>420</td>
    <td>Laptop</td>
    <td>Electronics</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>390</td>
    <td>TV</td>
    <td>Electronics</td>
  </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>111</td>
    <td>Smartphones</td>
    <td>Electronics</td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>


Would the following INSERT operation violate any integrity constraint?

Operation: Insert <5, "Jack Ryan", "2300 Mcfarland Blvd, Northport, AL", 21, 3> into STUDENT.

Student Table

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Student_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Address</th>
    <th>Age</th>
    <th>Class</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1</td>
    <td> Chloe Carter</td>
    <td> 777 Brockton Avenue, Abington, MA  </td>
     <td> 22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td> Neil Drukmen</td>
    <td> 3018 East Ave, Central Square, NY </td>
     <td>  20  </td>
    <td>Sophomore</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td> 3 </td>
    <td> Randy Pitchford</td>
    <td> 80 Town Line Rd, Rocky Hill, CT </td>
     <td> 21</td>
    <td> Junior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td> 4 </td>
    <td>Kyle Boseman</td>
    <td> 5710 Mcfarland Blvd, Northport, AL</td>
     <td>  22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>



<p>Would the following INSERT operation violate any integrity constraint?</p>
<p>Operation: Insert &lt;5, “Jack Ryan”, “2300 Mcfarland Blvd, Northport, AL”, 21, 3&gt; into STUDENT.</p>
<p>Student Table</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Student_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Address</th>
    <th>Age</th>
    <th>Class</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1</td>
    <td> Chloe Carter</td>
    <td> 777 Brockton Avenue, Abington, MA  </td>
     <td> 22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td> Neil Drukmen</td>
    <td> 3018 East Ave, Central Square, NY </td>
     <td>  20  </td>
    <td>Sophomore</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td> 3 </td>
    <td> Randy Pitchford</td>
    <td> 80 Town Line Rd, Rocky Hill, CT </td>
     <td> 21</td>
    <td> Junior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td> 4 </td>
    <td>Kyle Boseman</td>
    <td> 5710 Mcfarland Blvd, Northport, AL</td>
     <td>  22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>


Would the following DELETE operation violate any integrity constraint?

Operation: Delete the STUDENT tuple with Student_Id = 2.


Student Table

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Student_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Address</th>
    <th>Age</th>
    <th>Class</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1</td>
    <td> Chloe Carter</td>
    <td> 777 Brockton Avenue, Abington, MA  </td>
     <td> 22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td> Neil Drukmen</td>
    <td> 3018 East Ave, Central Square, NY </td>
     <td>  20  </td>
    <td>Sophomore</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td> 3 </td>
    <td> Randy Pitchford</td>
    <td> 80 Town Line Rd, Rocky Hill, CT </td>
     <td> 21</td>
    <td> Junior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td> 4 </td>
    <td>Kyle Boseman</td>
    <td> 5710 Mcfarland Blvd, Northport, AL</td>
     <td>  22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

<p>Would the following DELETE operation violate any integrity constraint?</p>
<p>Operation: Delete the STUDENT tuple with Student_Id = 2.</p>
<p>Student Table</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Student_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Address</th>
    <th>Age</th>
    <th>Class</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1</td>
    <td> Chloe Carter</td>
    <td> 777 Brockton Avenue, Abington, MA  </td>
     <td> 22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td> Neil Drukmen</td>
    <td> 3018 East Ave, Central Square, NY </td>
     <td>  20  </td>
    <td>Sophomore</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td> 3 </td>
    <td> Randy Pitchford</td>
    <td> 80 Town Line Rd, Rocky Hill, CT </td>
     <td> 21</td>
    <td> Junior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td> 4 </td>
    <td>Kyle Boseman</td>
    <td> 5710 Mcfarland Blvd, Northport, AL</td>
     <td>  22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Would the following UPDATE operation violate any integrity constraint?

Operation: Update the `Student_Id` of the STUDENT tuple with `Student_Id` = 4 to 1.


Student Table

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Student_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Address</th>
    <th>Age</th>
    <th>Class</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1</td>
    <td> Chloe Carter</td>
    <td> 777 Brockton Avenue, Abington, MA  </td>
     <td> 22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td> Neil Drukmen</td>
    <td> 3018 East Ave, Central Square, NY </td>
     <td>  20  </td>
    <td>Sophomore</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td> 3 </td>
    <td> Randy Pitchford</td>
    <td> 80 Town Line Rd, Rocky Hill, CT </td>
     <td> 21</td>
    <td> Junior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td> 4 </td>
    <td>Kyle Boseman</td>
    <td> 5710 Mcfarland Blvd, Northport, AL</td>
     <td>  22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

<p>Would the following UPDATE operation violate any integrity constraint?</p>
<p>Operation: Update the <code>Student_Id</code> of the STUDENT tuple with <code>Student_Id</code> = 4 to 1.</p>
<p>Student Table</p>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table, th, td {
  border: 1px solid black;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table style="width:100%">
  <tr>
    <th><u>Student_Id</u></th>
    <th>Name</th> 
    <th>Address</th>
    <th>Age</th>
    <th>Class</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1</td>
    <td> Chloe Carter</td>
    <td> 777 Brockton Avenue, Abington, MA  </td>
     <td> 22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td>2</td>
    <td> Neil Drukmen</td>
    <td> 3018 East Ave, Central Square, NY </td>
     <td>  20  </td>
    <td>Sophomore</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td> 3 </td>
    <td> Randy Pitchford</td>
    <td> 80 Town Line Rd, Rocky Hill, CT </td>
     <td> 21</td>
    <td> Junior </td>
  </tr>
   <tr>
    <td> 4 </td>
    <td>Kyle Boseman</td>
    <td> 5710 Mcfarland Blvd, Northport, AL</td>
     <td>  22 </td>
    <td>Senior </td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

This quiz will test your knowledge of relational databases.

Introduction

Fundamental Concepts

Data Modeling

Entity-Relationship Data Model

The Relational Data Model

Functional Dependencies

Normalization

Structured Query Language

Conclusion

Quiz!