Memory layout
This lesson explains the memory layout using NumPy.
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The NumPy documentation defines the ndarray class very clearly:
An instance of class ndarray consists of a contiguous one-dimensional segment of computer memory (owned by the array, or by some other object), combined with an indexing scheme that maps N integers into the location of an item in the block.
Said differently, an array is mostly a contiguous block of memory whose parts can be accessed using an indexing scheme. Such indexing scheme is in turn defined by a shape and a data type and this is precisely what is needed when you define a new array:
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