Gain insights into functional programming in Python, learn about functions as objects, recursion, closures, and generators, and discover how to confidently apply these concepts to your projects.

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The functional programming paradigm can be a powerful tool, especially as it can be integrated seamlessly with procedural and object-oriented code in Python. 

In this course, you’ll learn what functional programming is, how it’s used, and the features of Python that support it. To start, you’ll learn how functions act as objects, the role of mutability, and how to perform recursion. 

In the latter half of the course, you’ll focus on closures, iterables & iterators, generators, and more. Throughout the course will be three exams which will test your understanding and really drive home what you’ve learned.  

By the end, you’ll have a new programming paradigm to add under your belt and have the confidence to start using functional programming in your own projects.

Learn Functional Programming in Python

# Applicative functors

An **applicative functor** wraps a function. It can apply its function to another functor. For example:

from oslash import Just
from operator import neg

a = Just(3)
f = Just(neg) 

b = f.apply(a) 
print(b)

The first thing to know is that this code only works because `Just` isn’t only a functor, it is also an applicative functor. An ordinary functor doesn’t have an `apply` method. So, having wrapped our `neg` function in the applicative functor, `f`, we can apply it to `a`. The result is the same as before: a functor, `Just -3`.

You can use the `*` operator as an infix version of `apply` (just like `%` is an infix version of `map`), so we could write:



Learn how to use applicatives with the help of the examples in this lesson.

Introduction

Functions as Objects

Mutability

Recursion

Functional Programming in Python - Exam 1

Closures

Iterators

Transforming Iterables

Reducing Iterables

Functional Programming in Python - Exam 2

Comprehensions

Generators

Partial Application and Currying

Functors and Monads

Functional Programming in Python - Exam 3

Useful Libraries

Conclusion

Applicative Functors

Applicative functors