Gain insights into functional programming in Python, learn about functions as objects, recursion, closures, and generators, and discover how to confidently apply these concepts to your projects.

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The functional programming paradigm can be a powerful tool, especially as it can be integrated seamlessly with procedural and object-oriented code in Python. 

In this course, you’ll learn what functional programming is, how it’s used, and the features of Python that support it. To start, you’ll learn how functions act as objects, the role of mutability, and how to perform recursion. 

In the latter half of the course, you’ll focus on closures, iterables & iterators, generators, and more. Throughout the course will be three exams which will test your understanding and really drive home what you’ve learned.  

By the end, you’ll have a new programming paradigm to add under your belt and have the confidence to start using functional programming in your own projects.

Learn Functional Programming in Python

You can create nested list comprehensions. In fact, there are a couple of ways to do it.

# Creating a 2D list

Possibly the easiest example of a nested list comprehension is to nest one comprehension inside another. For example:

a = [[x for x in range(3)] for y in range(4)]

print(a)

We know that `[x for x in range(3)]` gives [0, 1, 2]. So, we are really calculating `[[0, 1, 2] for y in range(4)]`,

which, of course, evaluates to:
`[[0, 1, 2],
[0, 1, 2],
[0, 1, 2],
[0, 1, 2]]`.

We are simply creating an outer list of four elements, where each of those elements is a list of three elements.

We could extend this by making the output element depend on `x` and `y`:

Let’s discuss how to create nested list comprehensions with the help of the examples provided in the lesson.

Introduction

Functions as Objects

Mutability

Recursion

Functional Programming in Python - Exam 1

Closures

Iterators

Transforming Iterables

Reducing Iterables

Functional Programming in Python - Exam 2

Comprehensions

Generators

Partial Application and Currying

Functors and Monads

Functional Programming in Python - Exam 3

Useful Libraries

Conclusion

Nested Comprehensions

Creating a 2D list