Explore the power of C++ templates, from function and class basics to advanced features like instantiation and concepts, enhancing code flexibility, reusability, and abstraction without performance loss.

cpp17.tar.gz

C++17

C++20

Templates are one of the many powerful features of Modern C++ programming. And with each new C++ standard, they become more important. 

Templates provide an efficient way to make your code more flexible and reusable, this way you can avoid repeating code that would otherwise be identical except for different types. Templates also give you the ability to provide abstraction without a performance penalty.

However, templates can be difficult to apply, can be counterintuitive, and have tricky error messages.

This course gives you the necessary information to overcome these hurdles and dive into the advanced topics. You’ll visit the basics such as function and class templates, and then explore the details to templates such as instantiation and fold expressions. Our journey also includes techniques based on templates, the design, and future directions of templates such as concepts. Based on this exhaustive tour of templates, a basic understanding of C++ is sufficient to master this course.

Let’s get started!

Generic Programming Templates in C++

Before moving on to predefined concepts, let's get to know about **Syntactic Sugar**.

> **Syntactic Sugar:** This is from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_sugar): In computer science, syntactic sugar is syntax within a programming language that is designed to make things easier to read or to express. It makes the language *sweeter* for human use: things can be expressed more clearly, more concisely, or in an alternative style that some may prefer. 


# Predefined Concept
We should use the predefined concepts. [cppreference.com](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req) gives a great introduction to predefined concepts. Here are a few of them:


- Core language concepts
  - Same
  - DerivedFrom
  - ConvertibleTo
  - Common
  - Integral
  - Signed Integral
  - Unsigned Integral
  - Assignable
  - Swappable

- Comparison concepts 
  - Boolean
  - EqualityComparable     
  - StrictTotallyOrdered



  

- Object concepts
  - Destructible
  - Constructible
  - DefaultConstructible
  - MoveConstructible
  - Copy Constructible
  - Movable
  - Copyable
  - Semi-regular
  - Regular

- Callable concepts 
  - Callable
  - RegularCallable
  - Predicate
  - Relation
  - StrictWeakOrder


Let's dive deep into predefined concepts of C++20 in this lesson.

Introduction

Basics

Details

Techniques

Design

Future

Conclusion

Predefined Concepts

Predefined Concept