Explore the power of C++ templates, from function and class basics to advanced features like instantiation and concepts, enhancing code flexibility, reusability, and abstraction without performance loss.

cpp17.tar.gz

C++17

C++20

Templates are one of the many powerful features of Modern C++ programming. And with each new C++ standard, they become more important. 

Templates provide an efficient way to make your code more flexible and reusable, this way you can avoid repeating code that would otherwise be identical except for different types. Templates also give you the ability to provide abstraction without a performance penalty.

However, templates can be difficult to apply, can be counterintuitive, and have tricky error messages.

This course gives you the necessary information to overcome these hurdles and dive into the advanced topics. You’ll visit the basics such as function and class templates, and then explore the details to templates such as instantiation and fold expressions. Our journey also includes techniques based on templates, the design, and future directions of templates such as concepts. Based on this exhaustive tour of templates, a basic understanding of C++ is sufficient to master this course.

Let’s get started!

Generic Programming Templates in C++

# Template Parameter

Every template is parameterized by one or more template parameters, indicated in the parameter-list of the template.

C++ supports three different kinds of template parameters
1. **Type parameter**
```c++
std::vector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; 
```
2. **Non-type parameter**
```c++
std::array<int, 5> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
```
3. **Template-template parameter**
```c++
template <typename T, template <typename, typename> class Cont> class Matrix{
...
Matrix<int, std::vector> myIntVec;
```
 
# Types
A type parameter is a typical case for template arguments.
* Type parameters are class types and fundamental types


# Non-Types
Non-types are template parameters which can be evaluated at compile-time.

The following types are possible
* Integers and enumerations
* Pointers to objects, functions, and attributes of a class 
* References to objects and functions

* `std::nullptr_t` constant

>With C++17, floating-point numbers and strings cannot be used as non-type parameters.

To learn more about template parameters, click [here](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/template_parameters).

Let's familiarize ourselves with template parameters in this lesson.

Introduction

Basics

Details

Techniques

Design

Future

Conclusion

Template Parameters

Template Parameter