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C++ Standard Library

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The Standard Library

History Utilities Components

Overview

Numeric Functions Text Processing Input, Output and Filesystems Multithreading

Application of Libraries

Introduction Including Header Files Using Namespaces Building an Executable

Useful Functions

The min, max and minmax functions Move vs. Copy Forward Swap

Adaptors for Functions

std::bind and std::function Behavior of std::bind and std::function

Pairs and Tuples

Reference Wrappers

Introduction std::ref and std::cref

Smart Pointers

Introduction Unique Pointers - Examples Shared Pointers - Examples Weak Pointers - Example Cyclic References - Example - Exercise - Solution Performance Comparison Passing Smart Pointers

Type Traits

Introduction Check Type Information Type Comparisons and Modifications

Time Library

Introduction Time Point Time Duration Clock

std::any, std::optional, and std::variant

std::any std::optional std::variant

Containers in General

Introduction Create and Delete Size Access Assign and Swap Compare

Sequential Containers

Introduction Arrays - Exercise - Solution Vectors - Exercise - Solution Deques Lists Forward Lists - Exercise

Associative Containers in General

Introduction Insertion and Deletion

Ordered Associative Containers

Overview Keys and Values The Comparison Criterion Special Search Functions Maps - Exercise

Unordered Associative Containers

Keys and Values

The Hash Function

Adaptors for Containers

Introduction Stack Queue Priority Queue

Iterators

Introduction Categories Iterator Creation Useful Functions Adaptors

Callable Units

Introduction Functions and Function Objects Lambda Functions

Algorithms

Introduction Conventions Iterators are the glue Sequential, parallel, or parallel execution with vectorisation Algorithms with Parallelized Versions for_each

Non-Modifying Algorithms

Introduction Search Elements Count Elements Check Conditions on Ranges Compare Ranges Search for Ranges within Ranges

Modifying Algorithms

Copy Elements and Ranges Replace Elements and Ranges Remove Elements and Ranges Fill and Create Ranges Move Ranges Swap Ranges Transform Ranges Reverse Ranges Rotate Ranges Randomly Shuffle Ranges Remove Duplicates

More Algorithms

Partition Sort Binary Search Merge Operations Heaps Min and Max Permutations Numeric

New Algorithms with C++17

Numeric

Random Numbers Functions Inherited from C

Strings

Introduction Create and Delete Conversion Between C++ and C Strings Size versus Capacity Comparison and Concatenation Element Access Input and Output Search - Exercise - Solution Modifying Operations Numeric Conversions

String View

Introduction Create and initialise Non-modifying operations Modifying operations

Regular Expressions

Introduction Character Types Regular Expression Objects The Search Result Match Search Replace Format Repeated Search

Input and Output Streams

Introduction String Streams File Streams State of the Stream User-defined Data Types Hierarchy Iostream Input and Output Functions Format Specifier

Conclusion

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The Hash Function

The Hash Function

Here, we will understand why hash functions are essential in unordered associative pairs.

The reason for the constant access time of an unordered associative container is the hash function. The hash function maps the key to its value (its hash value). A hash function is good if it produces as few collisions as possible and equally distributes the ...