Explore the full potential of C++ by mastering the standard library.

Become a C++ Programmer

The C++ standard library is a collection of all the tools and utilities available in C++. It received its latest update in 2017, known as C++17. The update introduces many new features that further optimize our code. This module will help us fully grasp C++ and use it to its full potential.

C++ Standard Library

Access to the elements of a string `str` is very convenient because the strings support [random access iterators](https://www.educative.io/courses/cpp-fundamentals-for-professionals/categories). We can access with `str.front()` the first character and with `str.back()` the last character of the string. With `str[n]` and `str.at(n)` we get the n-th element by index. 

The following table provides an overview. 

## Access the elements of the string
| **Methods** | **Example** |
|-|-|
| `str.front()` | Returns the first character of `str`. |
| `str.back()` | Returns the last character of `str`. | 
| `str[n]` | Returns the n-th character of `str`. The string boundaries **will not be checked**. | 
| `str.at(n)` | Returns the n-th character of `str`. The string boundaries **will be checked**. If the boundaries are violated a `std::out_of_range` exception is thrown. | 

Access to the elements of a string `str` is very convenient because the strings support [random access iterators](https://www.educative.io/courses/cpp-fundamentals-for-professionals/categories). We can access with `str.front()` the first character and with `str.back()` the last character of the string. With `str[n]` and `str.at(n)` we get the n-th element by index. 

The following table provides an overview. 

# Access the elements of the string
| **Methods** | **Example** |
|-|-|
| `str.front()` | Returns the first character of `str`. |
| `str.back()` | Returns the last character of `str`. | 
| `str[n]` | Returns the n-th character of `str`. The string boundaries **will not be checked**. | 
| `str.at(n)` | Returns the n-th character of `str`. The string boundaries **will be checked**. If the boundaries are violated a `std::out_of_range` exception is thrown. | 

Accessing a character in a string is very easy and similar to element access in arrays.

The Standard Library

Overview

Application of Libraries

Useful Functions

Adaptors for Functions

Pairs and Tuples

Reference Wrappers

Smart Pointers

Type Traits

Time Library

std::any, std::optional, and std::variant

Containers in General

Sequential Containers

Associative Containers in General

Ordered Associative Containers

Unordered Associative Containers

Adaptors for Containers

Iterators

Callable Units

Algorithms

Non-Modifying Algorithms

Modifying Algorithms

More Algorithms

New Algorithms with C++17

Numeric

Strings

String View

Regular Expressions

Input and Output Streams

Conclusion

Element Access