Here is an example run:

prompt> ./afs.py -C 2 -n 1 -s 12

      Server                         c0                          c1
file:a contains:0
                             open:a [fd:0]
                             write:0 value? -> 1
                             close:0
                                                          open:a [fd:0]
                                                          read:0 -> value?
                                                          close:0
file:a contains:?
prompt>

The trace is fairly simple to read. On the left is the server, and each column shows actions being taken on each of two clients (use -C <clients> to specify a different number). Each client generates one random action (-n 1), which is either the open/read/close of a file or the open/write/close of a file. The contents of a file, for simplicity, is always just a single number.

To generate different traces, use -s (for a random seed), as always. Here we set it to 12 to get this specific trace.

In the trace, the server shows the initial contents of all the files in the system:

file:a contains:0

As you can see in this trace, there is just one file (a) and it contains the value 0.

Time increases downwards, and what is next is client 0 (c0) opening the file a (which returns a file descriptor, 0 in this case), writing to that descriptor, and then closing the file.

Immediately you see the first question posed to you:

                             write:0 value? -> 1

When writing to descriptor 0, you are overwriting an existing value with the new value of 1. What was that old value? (pretty easy in this case: 0).

Then client 1 begins doing some work (c1). It ...

Simulator